{"id":745,"date":"2004-12-09T14:59:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-09T13:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/shake_rattle_and_roll\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:31:49","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:31:49","slug":"shake_rattle_and_roll","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/shake_rattle_and_roll\/","title":{"rendered":"Vibrations, claquements et roulis"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>L'espace est un domaine extr\u00eamement hostile. Le vaisseau spatial doit survivre \u00e0 des temp\u00e9ratures extr\u00eamement froides et extr\u00eamement chaudes, aux radiations, aux champs magn\u00e9tiques, aux m\u00e9t\u00e9orites, aux d\u00e9bris provenant d\u2019autres engins spatiaux et au manque d\u2019air.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Les vaisseaux spatiaux sont co\u00fbteux \u00e0 fabriquer et \u00e0 lancer, nous souhaitons donc qu\u2019ils durent aussi longtemps que possible. Si les satellites doivent survivre dans l\u2019espace pendant plusieurs ann\u00e9es, ils doivent subir (et r\u00e9ussir !) de nombreux tests au sol.<\/p>\n<p>Le premier danger que doivent surmonter les satellites est le bruit assourdissant et les vibrations subis pendant le lancement par une fus\u00e9e. Ce point est test\u00e9 en secouant le satellite et en lui faisant entendre un bruit \u00e9norme provenant de monstrueux haut-parleurs dans une salle sp\u00e9ciale.<\/p>\n<p>Le second danger \u00e0 surmonter pour les satellites dans l\u2019espace est de survivre aux temp\u00e9ratures extr\u00eamement chaudes et extr\u00eamement froides. La chaleur extr\u00eame du soleil est simul\u00e9e dans une chambre vide d\u2019air \u00e9quip\u00e9e de lampes puissantes et de miroirs. Les tr\u00e8s basses temp\u00e9ratures sont produites par pompage d\u2019azote liquide dans des canalisations des parois de la pi\u00e8ce.<\/p>\n<p>Pour v\u00e9rifier le bon fonctionnement des syst\u00e8mes \u00e9lectriques, le satellite est plac\u00e9 dans un champ magn\u00e9tique puissant capable de causer des pannes \u00e9lectriques. Les ordinateurs v\u00e9rifient tout ce qui se passe sur l'engin spatial pendant ces tortures.<\/p>\n<p>Pendant au moins un an, chaque pi\u00e8ce composant un engin spatial est test\u00e9e et retest\u00e9e. Elles sont test\u00e9es \u00e0 nouveau au moment de l\u2019assemblage final. Ce n'est qu'alors que les ing\u00e9nieurs sont certains que leur b\u00e9b\u00e9 pourra r\u00e9ussir quand il atteindra son orbite.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Outer space is extremely hostile. Spacecraft have to survive extremes of hot and cold, radiation, magnetic fields, meteorites, debris from other spacecraft and lack of air. Since spacecraft are expensive [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/06\/gaia_antenna_in_test_chamber2\/17893611-2-eng-GB\/Gaia_antenna_in_test_chamber.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Gaia antenna in test chamber","esa_banner_credit":"Astrium\u2013A. 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