{"id":719,"date":"2012-01-12T12:27:00","date_gmt":"2012-01-12T11:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/esa_s_swarm_prepares_for_flight\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:31:31","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:31:31","slug":"esa_s_swarm_prepares_for_flight","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/esa_s_swarm_prepares_for_flight\/","title":{"rendered":"Derniers pr\u00e9paratifs pour la mission Swarm de l\u2019ESA"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Notre Terre est entour\u00e9e par un champ magn\u00e9tique invisible. M\u00eame si nous n\u2019en sommes g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas conscients, le champ magn\u00e9tique terrestre est d\u2019une importance capitale car il nous prot\u00e8ge des \u00e9ruptions solaires et des radiations spatiales. Sans lui, aucune forme de vie ne pourrait exister sur notre plan\u00e8te. Pour mesurer cette force magn\u00e9tique avec une pr\u00e9cision sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, l\u2019ESA s\u2019appr\u00eate \u00e0 lancer une mission sp\u00e9ciale baptis\u00e9e Swarm (\u00ab Essaim \u00bb en anglais).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>La mission Swarm est compos\u00e9e d\u2019une constellation de trois satellites plac\u00e9s chacun sur une orbite polaire diff\u00e9rente, allant de 400 km \u00e0 550 km d\u2019altitude. Chaque satellite mesurera l'intensit\u00e9 et la direction du champ magn\u00e9tique avec une pr\u00e9cision et une r\u00e9solution ultra \u00e9lev\u00e9es. La plupart des instruments seront fix\u00e9s sur un bras de 4 m\u00e8tres de long afin de limiter les interf\u00e9rences avec les syst\u00e8mes \u00e9lectriques du v\u00e9hicule spatial.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"1238\" data-credit=\"ESA\u2013P. Carril\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/10\/Swarm_constellation2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/10\/swarm_constellation2\/17891243-2-eng-GB\/Swarm_constellation.jpg\" alt=\"Swarm constellation\"><figcaption>Constellation Swarm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Le champ magn\u00e9tique proviendrait des effets de convection de la mati\u00e8re liquide situ\u00e9e dans le noyau externe de la Terre, principalement compos\u00e9 de fer, mais nous ne comprenons toujours pas enti\u00e8rement ses modalit\u00e9s de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration et d'\u00e9volution. Par exemple, la localisation des p\u00f4les magn\u00e9tiques Nord et Sud change continuellement, sans que nous parvenions \u00e0 l\u2019expliquer. La force du champ magn\u00e9tique \u00e9volue \u00e9galement. Au cours des \u00e2ges g\u00e9ologiques, la Terre a subi plusieurs inversions de son champ, le p\u00f4le Nord magn\u00e9tique devenant le p\u00f4le Sud magn\u00e9tique. Si cela venait \u00e0 se reproduire, nos compas magn\u00e9tiques indiqueraient le sud au lieu du nord ! Les chercheurs esp\u00e8rent que la mission Swarm apportera des r\u00e9ponses \u00e0 ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne et permettra de r\u00e9soudre d\u2019autres myst\u00e8res magn\u00e9tiques.<\/p>\n<p>Pour assurer une pr\u00e9cision de mesure maximale, les satellites ont tous subi de longues proc\u00e9dures de test. Certains de ces tests ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9s dans un \u00ab environnement sans magn\u00e9tisme \u00bb, \u00e0 savoir une pi\u00e8ce sp\u00e9ciale avec un plancher en bois situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s d\u2019Ottobrunn, en plein c\u0153ur de la for\u00eat bavaroise. Une fois le programme de tests termin\u00e9, les trois satellites de la mission Swarm seront transf\u00e9r\u00e9s vers le cosmodrome de Plesetsk (Russie). Leur lancement sera effectu\u00e9 au courant de 2012 par une fus\u00e9e Rockot.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There is an invisible magnetic field all around us. Although we don\u2019t normally notice it, the Earth\u2019s magnetic field is very important as it protects us from dangerous solar storms [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2009\/03\/swarm_constellation2\/17887358-2-eng-GB\/Swarm_constellation.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Swarm constellation","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/AOES Medialab","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2009\/03\/Swarm_constellation2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-719","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/719","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=719"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/719\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4647,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/719\/revisions\/4647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=719"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=719"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=719"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=719"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=719"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=719"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=719"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=719"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=719"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=719"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}