{"id":718,"date":"2012-03-27T12:48:00","date_gmt":"2012-03-27T10:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/keeping_an_eye_from_the_sky_on_volcanoes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:31:30","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:31:30","slug":"keeping_an_eye_from_the_sky_on_volcanoes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/keeping_an_eye_from_the_sky_on_volcanoes\/","title":{"rendered":"Les volcans vus de l\u2019espace"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le 20 mars 2010, l\u2019\u00e9ruption du massif volcanique islandais de l'Eyjafj\u00f6ll a prouv\u00e9 que l\u2019activit\u00e9 des volcans pouvait avoir des cons\u00e9quences majeures et affecter des millions d\u2019individus. Dans ce contexte, les satellites m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques jouent un r\u00f4le important.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Malheureusement, la plupart des volcans mondiaux ne sont que tr\u00e8s peu surveill\u00e9s, si ce n\u2019est pas du tout ! Une \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e dans Science Magazine d\u00e9montre que sur 440 volcans en activit\u00e9 dans le monde, 384 d\u2019entre eux souffrent d\u2019un suivi incomplet ou inexistant. De plus, 65 de ces volcans pr\u00e9sentent des risques importants pour les populations vivant \u00e0 proximit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"Alutu
Volcan Alutu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les satellites d'observation de la Terre, comme Envisat de l\u2019ESA, peuvent anticiper les \u00e9ruptions volcaniques gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'interf\u00e9rom\u00e9trie SAR (InSAR). Cette technique de d\u00e9tection \u00e0 distance permet d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir plusieurs images radar d\u2019une m\u00eame zone afin de les combiner, ce qui permet d\u2019analyser si des changements environnementaux ont eu lieu entre chaque clich\u00e9. Les changements de surface sont signal\u00e9s par les variations de lumi\u00e8re sur l\u2019image combin\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces observations satellitaires, on sait d\u00e9sormais que de nombreux volcans que l'on croyait auparavant inactifs pr\u00e9sentent des signes d'activit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Au cours des vingt prochaines ann\u00e9es, les Sentinelles (une nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de satellites) devraient collecter tous les six jours les donn\u00e9es relatives aux masses continentales, y compris les volcans. Le premier de ces satellites sera lanc\u00e9 en 2013. Il permettra de surveiller un plus grand nombre de volcans dans le monde entier.<\/p>\n

Avec l\u2019aide des satellites, les scientifiques essaient d\u2019\u00e9valuer les risques d\u2019\u00e9ruption des volcans en sommeil. De plus, les donn\u00e9es satellitaires permettent de pr\u00e9parer des plans d\u2019\u00e9vacuation pour les populations vivant \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des volcans, afin de sauver des vies humaines.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The eruption of the Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull volcano in Iceland in 2010 showed us that volcanic eruptions can have major consequences, affecting thousands of people. That is why satellites that keep an […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/06\/puzzle_-_volcanoes2\/17895497-2-eng-GB\/Puzzle_-_Volcanoes.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/06\/Puzzle_-_Volcanoes2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[42,10,59],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-718","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth","category-learn","category-natural-disasters"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=718"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4646,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/718\/revisions\/4646"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=718"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=718"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=718"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=718"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=718"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=718"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=718"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}