{"id":714,"date":"2012-11-07T10:12:00","date_gmt":"2012-11-07T09:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/from_rocket_fuel_to_clean_cars\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:31:27","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:31:27","slug":"from_rocket_fuel_to_clean_cars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/from_rocket_fuel_to_clean_cars\/","title":{"rendered":"Du combustible pour fus\u00e9es aux v\u00e9hicules propres"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>L\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne est le gaz le plus l\u00e9ger de notre plan\u00e8te. C\u2019est \u00e9galement l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment le plus commun de l\u2019univers. Au contact de l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne, il se transforme en substance hautement inflammable. Utilis\u00e9 dans le cadre du programme europ\u00e9en Ariane 5, l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne est un excellent combustible pour fus\u00e9es, mais son stockage est tr\u00e8s difficile. Il faut le conserver \u00e0 basse temp\u00e9rature dans des r\u00e9servoirs \u00e0 double paroi, puis alimenter les moteurs des fus\u00e9es via des dispositifs fermement scell\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Des recherches men\u00e9es r\u00e9cemment par une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 autrichienne laissent \u00e0 penser qu\u2019on pourrait utiliser l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne en tant que carburant pour le transport routier. La cr\u00e9ation de voitures propres s\u2019en trouverait grandement facilit\u00e9e. En collaboration avec le constructeur automobile allemand BMW, l\u2019entreprise autrichienne est parvenue \u00e0 exploiter la technologie des fus\u00e9es afin de d\u00e9velopper des r\u00e9servoirs \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne sp\u00e9cialement adapt\u00e9s aux berlines. C\u2019est ainsi qu\u2019en 2007, BMW a lanc\u00e9 la voiture hybride Hydrogen 7, fonctionnant aussi bien \u00e0 l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019essence. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son syst\u00e8me \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne, ce mod\u00e8le de BMW n'\u00e9met quasiment que de la vapeur d'eau !<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"400\" data-credit=\"Magna Steyr Aerospace\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/10\/Hydrogen_car_fuel_tank2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/10\/hydrogen_car_fuel_tank2\/18250360-2-eng-GB\/Hydrogen_car_fuel_tank.jpg\" alt=\"Hydrogen car fuel tank\"><figcaption>R\u00e9servoir de carburant pour voiture \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>L\u2019un des principaux d\u00e9fis a \u00e9t\u00e9 de concevoir un r\u00e9servoir fonctionnel et performant. Pour \u00eatre stock\u00e9 sous forme liquide, l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne doit \u00eatre maintenu \u00e0 une temp\u00e9rature de -253 \u00b0C. Au lieu de recourir \u00e0 une technique de r\u00e9frig\u00e9ration constante, les BMW Hydrogen 7 stockent 114 litres d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne liquide dans des r\u00e9servoirs \u00e0 haute isolation. Ce syst\u00e8me d\u2019isolation, qui \u00e9quivaut \u00e0 une couche d\u2019environ 17 m\u00e8tres de polystyr\u00e8ne extrud\u00e9, permet de maintenir l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne au froid pendant environ deux semaines.<\/p>\n<p>Cependant, plusieurs probl\u00e8mes restent \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre avant l\u2019utilisation massive de voitures \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne. Le principal concerne le manque de points de ravitaillement. Un autre est li\u00e9 \u00e0 la transformation de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne liquide en gaz lorsqu\u2019il chauffe et entre en \u00e9bullition. Un voyageur laissant sa voiture en stationnement sur un parking d\u2019a\u00e9roport pendant deux semaines risquerait de trouver un r\u00e9servoir vide \u00e0 son retour. Malgr\u00e9 tout, tout laisse \u00e0 penser que les v\u00e9hicules propres dot\u00e9s d\u2019un r\u00e9servoir \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne repr\u00e9sentent le futur du transport \u00e9cologique.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hydrogen, the lightest of all gases, is the most common element in the Universe. It is extremely easy to burn, if oxygen is present. Used in Europe\u2019s Ariane 5 launchers, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/10\/liquid_hydrogen-powered_combustion_engine2\/17879995-2-eng-GB\/Liquid_hydrogen-powered_combustion_engine.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Liquid hydrogen-powered combustion engine","esa_banner_credit":"BMW\/Magna Steyr Aerospace","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/10\/Liquid_hydrogen-powered_combustion_engine2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,54,40],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-714","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-space-technologies-on-earth","category-technology"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/714","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=714"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/714\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4644,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/714\/revisions\/4644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=714"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}