{"id":704,"date":"2012-10-15T08:03:00","date_gmt":"2012-10-15T06:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/testing_mars_and_moon_soil_for_radiation_shelters\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:31:19","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:31:19","slug":"testing_mars_and_moon_soil_for_radiation_shelters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/testing_mars_and_moon_soil_for_radiation_shelters\/","title":{"rendered":"Prot\u00e9ger les astronautes contre les rayonnements cosmiques"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Les rayonnements cosmiques sont l\u2019un des plus grands dangers pour la sant\u00e9 des astronautes. Les particules d\u2019\u00e9nergie traversant l\u2019espace \u00e0 une vitesse proche de celle de la lumi\u00e8re peuvent provoquer d\u2019importants d\u00e9g\u00e2ts sur les cellules du corps humain et augmenter consid\u00e9rablement les risques de cancer. Pour prot\u00e9ger au mieux les membres d\u2019\u00e9quipage des missions spatiales, l\u2019ESA collabore avec un centre de recherche allemand pour tester diff\u00e9rents types de protection contre les rayonnements, y compris ceux sur la surface de la Lune et de Mars.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>L\u2019espace regorge de particules charg\u00e9es, ce qui implique que les astronautes sont officiellement class\u00e9s dans la cat\u00e9gorie des travailleurs expos\u00e9s aux rayonnements. Certaines de ces particules proviennent de courtes et intenses \u00e9ruptions solaires. D\u2019autres, identifi\u00e9es comme des rayons cosmiques, sont produites par des \u00e9toiles mourantes dans des galaxies lointaines.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"1065\" data-credit=\"ESA\/NASA\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/03\/Steve_Bowen_and_Al_Drew_working_outside_the_ISS2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/03\/steve_bowen_and_al_drew_working_outside_the_iss2\/17893685-2-eng-GB\/Steve_Bowen_and_Al_Drew_working_outside_the_ISS.jpg\" alt=\"Steve Bowen and Al Drew working outside the ISS\"><figcaption>Steve Bowen et Al Drew travaillant \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur de l'ISS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, les rayonnements cosmiques n\u2019ont jamais pos\u00e9 de probl\u00e8me majeur car la Station spatiale internationale est plac\u00e9e en orbite dans le champ magn\u00e9tique de la Terre. Ce champ magn\u00e9tique constitue un immense bouclier contre les rayonnements cosmiques. Cependant, les \u00e9quipages qui se rendront sur la Lune et sur Mars seront beaucoup plus soumis aux rayonnements cosmiques de haute \u00e9nergie. Une protection sp\u00e9ciale leur sera donc n\u00e9cessaire.<\/p>\n<p>Les \u00e9quipes de l\u2019ESA exploitent l\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateur de particules GSI de Darmstadt, en Allemagne, pour tester de nombreux mat\u00e9riaux de blindage. Les mat\u00e9riaux test\u00e9s incluent l\u2019aluminium, l\u2019eau, le plastique poly\u00e9thyl\u00e8ne, des structures multicouches et des mati\u00e8res lunaires et martiennes sp\u00e9cialement simul\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Les mat\u00e9riaux plus denses et plus \u00e9pais ne sont pas forc\u00e9ment meilleurs. Les rayonnements cosmiques frappant des boucliers m\u00e9talliques peuvent produire des gerbes de particules secondaires encore plus dangereuses. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, des mat\u00e9riaux plus l\u00e9gers comme l\u2019eau et le plastique fournissent une meilleure protection. De nouveaux mat\u00e9riaux \u00e0 base d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne, en cours de d\u00e9veloppement par une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 britannique, semblent des plus prometteurs.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One of the greatest threats to the health of astronauts is space radiation. Energetic particles travelling through space at close to the speed of light can cause major damage to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/10\/future_deep_space_base2\/17882400-2-eng-GB\/Future_deep_space_base.png","esa_banner_description":"Future deep space base","esa_banner_credit":"NASA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/10\/Future_deep_space_base2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,13,63],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-life-in-space","category-living-in-space"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/704","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=704"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/704\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4639,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/704\/revisions\/4639"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=704"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=704"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=704"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=704"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=704"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=704"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=704"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}