{"id":694,"date":"2012-11-30T14:15:00","date_gmt":"2012-11-30T13:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/europe_s_comet_explorers\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:31:13","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:31:13","slug":"europe_s_comet_explorers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/europe_s_comet_explorers\/","title":{"rendered":"Les explorateurs de com\u00e8tes de l\u2019Europe"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Le 13 mars 1986, la sonde spatiale Giotto de l'ESA a envoy\u00e9 des images stup\u00e9fiantes d\u2019un objet c\u00e9leste noir, dot\u00e9 d\u2019un noyau en forme de pomme de terre et renvoyant une importante tra\u00een\u00e9e lumineuse dans l\u2019espace. C\u2019est la toute premi\u00e8re fois qu\u2019une sonde spatiale capturait des photographies rapproch\u00e9es d'un noyau com\u00e9taire.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>L\u2019objet d\u2019\u00e9tude de Giotto \u00e9tait la com\u00e8te de Halley, nomm\u00e9e en l\u2019honneur d\u2019Edmond Halley, un astronome britannique du 17\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. Edmond Halley est le premier savant \u00e0 avoir d\u00e9montr\u00e9 le retour p\u00e9riodique (tous les 75-76 ans), dans le syst\u00e8me solaire interne, de la com\u00e8te qui portera plus tard son nom. Son prochain passage pr\u00e8s de la Terre devrait avoir lieu en 2061.<\/p>\n<p>La com\u00e8te de Halley est l\u2019une des plus connues, mais des millions d\u2019autres gravitent autour du Soleil. M\u00eame pendant son passage aux confins de notre syst\u00e8me solaire, la com\u00e8te de Halley continue d\u2019affecter notre plan\u00e8te. Chaque ann\u00e9e au mois d\u2019octobre, la Terre traverse un champ de poussi\u00e8res laiss\u00e9 derri\u00e8re elle par la com\u00e8te de Halley, et provoquant la pluie de m\u00e9t\u00e9ores des Orionides. La com\u00e8te de Halley a \u00e9galement donn\u00e9 naissance aux \u00cata aquarides, une pluie de m\u00e9t\u00e9ores visible chaque ann\u00e9e au mois de mai. Ces m\u00e9t\u00e9ores, plus connus sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab \u00e9toiles filantes \u00bb, sont de fines tra\u00een\u00e9es compos\u00e9es de nuages de petites poussi\u00e8res \u00e9manant des com\u00e8tes, plus particuli\u00e8rement visibles lors de leur combustion au contact de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re terrestre.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"400\" data-credit=\"ESA, image by AOES Medialab\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/05\/Rosetta_orbiting_Comet_67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/05\/rosetta_orbiting_comet_67p_churyumov-gerasimenko2\/18245884-2-eng-GB\/Rosetta_orbiting_Comet_67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko.jpg\" alt=\"Rosetta orbiting Comet 67P\/Churyumov-Gerasimenko\"><figcaption>Rosetta en orbite autour de la com\u00e8te 67P\/Churyumov-Gerasimenko<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Depuis le succ\u00e8s historique du survol de la com\u00e8te de Halley par Giotto en 1986, de nombreuses autres com\u00e8tes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9es par des sondes spatiales. La mission contemporaine la plus ambitieuse est l\u2019approche de la com\u00e8te Churyumov-Gerasimenko en 2014 par la sonde spatiale Rosetta de l\u2019ESA. Rosetta devrait orbiter \u00e0 faible distance de son noyau afin de recueillir des donn\u00e9es d\u00e9taill\u00e9es sur son \u00e9volution \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du Soleil. Rosetta va \u00e9galement lancer un petit atterrisseur nomm\u00e9 Philae, qui devrait marquer le premier atterrissage en douceur de l\u2019Histoire sur la surface d\u2019une com\u00e8te !<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 13 March 1986, ESA\u2019s Giotto spacecraft sent back pictures of a black, potato-shaped object that was blasting bright jets of material into space. It was the first time that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/11\/comet_halley_close_up3\/17877183-2-eng-GB\/Comet_Halley_close_up.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Comet Halley close up","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/MPS","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/11\/Comet_Halley_close_up3","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[46,10,11],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-694","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-comets-and-meteors","category-learn","category-our-universe"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/694","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=694"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/694\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4631,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/694\/revisions\/4631"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=694"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=694"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}