{"id":676,"date":"2013-04-24T07:12:00","date_gmt":"2013-04-24T05:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/herschel_solves_mystery_of_jupiter_s_water\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:31:02","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:31:02","slug":"herschel_solves_mystery_of_jupiter_s_water","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/herschel_solves_mystery_of_jupiter_s_water\/","title":{"rendered":"Herschel r\u00e9sout le myst\u00e8re de l'eau sur Jupiter"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Jupiter, la plus grande plan\u00e8te du syst\u00e8me solaire, est majoritairement compos\u00e9e d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne et d\u2019h\u00e9lium. Des traces d\u2019eau ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9es dans sa haute atmosph\u00e8re mais, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, nous n\u2019en connaissions pas l\u2019origine. L\u2019observatoire spatial Herschel de l\u2019ESA, t\u00e9lescope de l\u2019infrarouge lointain, a r\u00e9cemment permis de r\u00e9soudre ce myst\u00e8re de longue date. Herschel a trouv\u00e9 la preuve directe que l'eau de Jupiter provenait des impacts multiples de la com\u00e8te Shoemaker-Levy 9, qui a touch\u00e9 la g\u00e9ante gazeuse en juillet 1994.<\/p>\n<p>Les collisions avec des d\u00e9bris cosmiques sont une menace permanente pour les plan\u00e8tes du syst\u00e8me solaire, y compris la Terre. \u00c0 ce jour, tr\u00e8s peu d\u2019impacts ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s par la communaut\u00e9 scientifique. Il y a 19 ans, la rencontre entre Shoemaker-Levy 9 et Jupiter a constitu\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re observation directe d'une collision entre une plan\u00e8te et un objet du syst\u00e8me solaire. Des astronomes ont alors observ\u00e9 21 fragments de la com\u00e8te s\u2019enfoncer et exploser dans la haute atmosph\u00e8re de Jupiter.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"1765\" data-credit=\"Water map: ESA\/Herschel\/T. Cavali\u00e9 et al.; Jupiter image: NASA\/ESA\/Reta Beebe (New Mexico State University)\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2013\/04\/Water_in_Jupiter_s_atmosphere2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2013\/04\/water_in_jupiter_s_atmosphere2\/17899570-2-eng-GB\/Water_in_Jupiter_s_atmosphere.jpg\" alt=\"Water in Jupiter&#x27;s atmosphere\"><figcaption>L'eau dans l'atmosph\u00e8re de Jupiter<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>L'Observatoire spatial infrarouge de l'ESA, lanc\u00e9 en 1995, a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier \u00e0 d\u00e9tecter et \u00e0 \u00e9tudier la pr\u00e9sence d'eau dans la haute atmosph\u00e8re de Jupiter. Les scientifiques ont pu exclure toute origine interne, telle que de l'eau remontant des profondeurs. Mais si cette eau provenait de l'ext\u00e9rieur, d'o\u00f9 venait-elle ?<\/p>\n<p>Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 sp\u00e9cul\u00e9 que la com\u00e8te Shoemaker-Levy 9 \u00e9tait probablement \u00e0 l\u2019origine de cette eau, mais la preuve directe manquait encore. Les yeux infrarouges de l\u2019observatoire Herschel ont permis de r\u00e9soudre ce myst\u00e8re. Les observations d\u2019Herschel ont \u00e9tabli qu\u2019il y avait 2 \u00e0 3 fois plus d\u2019eau dans l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re sud de Jupiter que dans l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord. La plus grande partie est concentr\u00e9e autour des sites d\u2019impact de la com\u00e8te de 1994. Par ailleurs, cette eau ne se trouve qu\u2019\u00e0 des altitudes \u00e9lev\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Des observations plus d\u00e9taill\u00e9es seront men\u00e9es par la mission JUICE de l\u2019ESA, dont le lancement est pr\u00e9vu en 2022. JUICE devrait permettre de cartographier la distribution des gaz dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re massive de Jupiter.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jupiter, the largest planet in the Solar System, is mostly made of the gases hydrogen and helium. Tiny amounts of water have been found in its upper atmosphere, but, until [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2013\/04\/shoemaker-levy_9_impact_site_g\/17905016-2-eng-GB\/Shoemaker-Levy_9_impact_site_G.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Shoemaker-Levy 9 impact site G","esa_banner_credit":"R. Evans, J. Trauger, H. 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