{"id":612,"date":"2013-11-28T08:18:00","date_gmt":"2013-11-28T07:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/thirty_years_of_esa_astronauts_in_space\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:30:17","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:30:17","slug":"thirty_years_of_esa_astronauts_in_space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/thirty_years_of_esa_astronauts_in_space\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019ESA envoie des astronautes dans l\u2019espace depuis 30 ans !"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le 28 novembre 1983, il y a trente ans jour pour jour, Spacelab 1 (le tout premier laboratoire spatial europ\u00e9en) \u00e9tait lanc\u00e9 dans l\u2019espace par la navette am\u00e9ricaine Columbia. L\u2019astronaute de l\u2019ESA Ulf Merbold a eu l\u2019honneur de rejoindre cette mission, en marquant \u00e0 cette occasion la premi\u00e8re participation de l\u2019ESA \u00e0 un vol spatial habit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Les six astronautes de Spacelab 1 se sont divis\u00e9s en deux \u00e9quipes travaillant par quarts successifs de douze heures, permettant ainsi une exploitation en continu. Ils ont effectu\u00e9 plus de 70 exp\u00e9riences scientifiques portant sur la physique solaire, la physique des plasmas spatiaux, l\u2019astronomie, l\u2019observation de la Terre, la science des mat\u00e9riaux, les nouvelles technologies et la biologie.<\/p>\n

Pendant les 10 jours de la mission, la navette a accompli 166 orbites autour de notre plan\u00e8te avant de regagner la terre ferme le 8 d\u00e9cembre 1983.<\/p>\n

\"Spacelab-1\/STS-9
Lancement de Spacelab-1\/STS-9, le 28 novembre 1983<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Entre 1983 et 1998, les modules Spacelab ont effectu\u00e9 22 missions et ont pass\u00e9 244 jours en orbite \u00e0 bord de la navette spatiale. Les exp\u00e9riences men\u00e9es en impesanteur par Spacelab ont permis de faire avancer la recherche, en contribuant notamment \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des m\u00e9taux massivement utilis\u00e9s dans les smartphones d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui ou en d\u00e9veloppant des traitements prometteurs pour les maladies musculaires chroniques.<\/p>\n

Columbus, le laboratoire spatial europ\u00e9en actuellement install\u00e9 \u00e0 bord de la Station spatiale internationale (ISS), est l\u2019un des descendants du programme Spacelab. En effet, les b\u00e2tis de recherche scientifique utilis\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque par Spacelab ont ensuite ont \u00e9t\u00e9 repris sur tous les modules scientifiques de l\u2019ISS.<\/p>\n

De m\u00eame, les exp\u00e9riences et les laboratoires europ\u00e9ens de la Station sont toujours g\u00e9r\u00e9s par des \u00e9quipes internationales d\u2019astronautes. C\u2019est l'\u00e9quipage permanent de l\u2019ISS, incluant d\u00e9sormais des astronautes europ\u00e9ens, qui en assure la prise en charge quotidienne.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thirty years ago today, on 28 November 1983, the first European-built Spacelab was launched into space on Space Shuttle Columbia. ESA\u2019s first astronaut Ulf Merbold flew on that mission, marking […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2013\/11\/sts-9_crew\/18246661-2-eng-GB\/STS-9_crew.jpg","esa_banner_description":"STS-9 crew","esa_banner_credit":"NASA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2013\/11\/STS-9_crew","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/612","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=612"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/612\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4581,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/612\/revisions\/4581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=612"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}