{"id":555,"date":"2013-12-13T08:49:00","date_gmt":"2013-12-13T07:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/thinning_ice_and_rising_sea_levels\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:29:35","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:29:35","slug":"thinning_ice_and_rising_sea_levels","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/thinning_ice_and_rising_sea_levels\/","title":{"rendered":"Diminution des glaces et augmentation du niveau de la mer"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Depuis son lancement en avril 2010, le satellite CryoSat de l\u2019ESA survole le p\u00f4le Nord et le p\u00f4le Sud de notre plan\u00e8te. Sa mission consiste \u00e0 suivre les variations de l\u2019\u00e9paisseur des couches de glace recouvrant ces r\u00e9gions.<\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s trois ann\u00e9es d\u2019observation, CryoSat nous confirme aujourd\u2019hui que les couches de glace diminuent dans l\u2019oc\u00e9an Arctique (au p\u00f4le Nord). CryoSat nous r\u00e9v\u00e8le \u00e9galement que la calotte glaciaire de l\u2019Ouest Antarctique (au p\u00f4le Sud) perd 150 kilom\u00e8tres cube de glace chaque ann\u00e9e. C\u2019est l\u2019\u00e9quivalent d\u2019une plaque de glace d\u2019un kilom\u00e8tre de large, d\u2019un kilom\u00e8tre de profondeur et de 150 kilom\u00e8tres de long !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Les immenses couches de glace recouvrant les r\u00e9gions polaires ne sont pas permanentes. Elles s\u2019agrandissent pendant les p\u00e9riodes glaciaires, mais diminuent en cas d\u2019augmentation des temp\u00e9ratures ou de changement des conditions climatiques locales. M\u00eame la calotte glaciaire de l\u2019Antarctique, qui fait pr\u00e8s de 3 kilom\u00e8tres d\u2019\u00e9paisseur, est susceptible d\u2019\u00eatre affect\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"3835\" data-credit=\"Planetary Visions, DTU (Greenland), UCL (Antarctica)\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/11\/Change_in_ice_sheet_thickness_per_year\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/11\/change_in_ice_sheet_thickness_per_year\/17874371-2-eng-GB\/Change_in_ice_sheet_thickness_per_year.jpg\" alt=\"Change in ice sheet thickness per year\"><figcaption>\u00c9volution annuelle de l'\u00e9paisseur de la calotte glaciaire<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>La r\u00e9gion de l\u2019Ouest Antarctique subit actuellement une perte rapide de glace. CryoSat nous r\u00e9v\u00e8le que ce d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre est principalement d\u00fb \u00e0 la diminution des glaciers qui s\u2019\u00e9coulent dans la mer d\u2019Amundsen. La couche de glace diminue de 4 \u00e0 8 m\u00e8tres par an \u00e0 l\u2019endroit o\u00f9 les glaciers Pine Island, Thwaites et Smith quittent la terre pour commencer \u00e0 flotter au-dessus de l\u2019oc\u00e9an.<\/p>\n<p>Nous pensions que le niveau mondial des oc\u00e9ans s\u2019\u00e9tait \u00e9lev\u00e9 chaque ann\u00e9e de 0,28 mm entre 2005 et 2010 en raison des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de r\u00e9chauffement dans l\u2019Ouest Antarctique. Cependant, les derni\u00e8res donn\u00e9es recueillies par CryoSat sugg\u00e8rent que la contribution de cette zone \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation du niveau des oc\u00e9ans serait en fait largement sup\u00e9rieure ! Ces nouvelles donn\u00e9es s\u2019expliquent soit par une fonte des calottes glaciaires plus rapide que les estimations initiales, soit par une pr\u00e9cision plus importante de CryoSat par rapport aux autres satellites d\u2019observation de la Terre !<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Since its launch in April 2010, ESA\u2019s CryoSat spacecraft has been flying over the North and South Poles of our planet. Its mission is to observe changes in the thickness [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2010\/01\/esa_s_ice_mission2\/17894573-2-eng-GB\/ESA_s_ice_mission.jpg","esa_banner_description":"ESA's ice mission","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/AOES Medialab","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2010\/01\/ESA_s_ice_mission2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[64,42,10],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change","category-earth","category-learn"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=555"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/555\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4547,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/555\/revisions\/4547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=555"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=555"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=555"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=555"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=555"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=555"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=555"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}