{"id":454,"date":"2013-08-21T07:50:00","date_gmt":"2013-08-21T05:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/europe_s_space_sentinels\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:28:23","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:28:23","slug":"europe_s_space_sentinels","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/europe_s_space_sentinels\/","title":{"rendered":"Les Sentinelles europ\u00e9ennes de l\u2019espace"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Forte de 30 ann\u00e9es d\u2019exp\u00e9rience au service des satellites d\u2019observation de la Terre, l\u2019ESA d\u00e9veloppe actuellement cinq nouveaux types d\u2019engins spatiaux, plus connus sous le nom de Sentinelles. Chaque mission Sentinelle regroupe deux satellites afin d'assurer une couverture maximale de notre plan\u00e8te.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ces \u00ab yeux dans le ciel \u00bb nous transmettront de gros volumes de donn\u00e9es sur la surface et l'atmosph\u00e8re de la Terre. Les informations recueillies seront utilis\u00e9es dans le cadre du programme europ\u00e9en de surveillance de la Terre (ou GMES, de l\u2019anglais \u00ab Global Monitoring for Environment and Security \u00bb).<\/p>\n<p>La mission Sentinelle-1 assurera une surveillance radar de la plan\u00e8te par tous les types de temps, de jour comme de nuit. Ses t\u00e2ches consisteront notamment \u00e0 suivre l\u2019\u00e9volution de la couche de glace dans l\u2019oc\u00e9an Arctique, surveiller la pollution marine et l\u2019apparition de mar\u00e9es noires, cartographier les mouvements de terrain, am\u00e9liorer les services de secours aux sinistr\u00e9s ou bien encore \u00e9tudier les for\u00eats, l\u2019eau et les sols de la Terre. Le satellite Sentinelle-1A, en orbite polaire, a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9 le 3 avril 2014.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"1920\" data-credit=\"Astrium GmbH\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/02\/Sentinel-22\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/02\/sentinel-22\/17878552-2-eng-GB\/Sentinel-2.jpg\" alt=\"Sentinel-2\"><figcaption>Sentinel-2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>La mission Sentinelle-2 comprendra une autre paire de satellites en orbite polaire. Ils fourniront des images optiques d\u00e9taill\u00e9es de la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, des \u00e9tendues d\u2019eau, du sol et des zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res. Le premier satellite Sentinelle-2 a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9 le 23 juin 2015.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"1920\" data-credit=\"ESA\u2013J. Huart\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/02\/Sentinel-32\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/02\/sentinel-32\/17871448-2-eng-GB\/Sentinel-3.jpg\" alt=\"Sentinel-3\"><figcaption>Sentinel-3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Les diff\u00e9rents instruments de Sentinel-3 mesureront la hauteur de la surface de la mer, la temp\u00e9rature de la surface terrestre et marine, ainsi que la couleur de l'oc\u00e9an (due \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence de minuscules organismes vivants). Sentinel-3A a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9 avec succ\u00e8s le 16 f\u00e9vrier 2016, tandis que le lancement de Sentinel-3B est pr\u00e9vu en 2017.<\/p>\n<p>Les missions Sentinelle-4 et Sentinelle-5 serviront \u00e0 surveiller la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air, la couche d\u2019ozone, le rayonnement solaire et les changements climatiques. Sentinelle-4 comprendra deux satellites Meteosat de troisi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, plac\u00e9s en orbite au-dessus de l\u2019\u00e9quateur. Selon les pr\u00e9visions de l\u2019ESA, le premier satellite Sentinelle-4 sera lanc\u00e9 en 2017.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"1280\" data-credit=\"ESA-P. Carril, 2012\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/11\/Sentinel-5_precursor2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/11\/sentinel-5_precursor2\/18245958-2-eng-GB\/Sentinel-5_precursor.jpg\" alt=\"Sentinel-5 precursor\"><figcaption>Pr\u00e9curseur de Sentinel-5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Les instruments de la mission Sentinelle-5 seront install\u00e9s sur des satellites MetOp de seconde g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, dont l\u2019altitude d\u2019orbite sera beaucoup moins \u00e9lev\u00e9e que celle des satellites Sentinelle-4. Le lancement du premier des deux satellites Sentinelle-5 devrait avoir lieu en 2019.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Based on over 30 years of experience in flying Earth observation satellites, ESA is developing five new types of spacecraft, known as Sentinels. Each Sentinel mission is made up of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2007\/05\/sentinel-12\/17892760-2-eng-GB\/Sentinel-1.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Sentinel-1","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/P. 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