{"id":443,"date":"2017-04-13T11:33:00","date_gmt":"2017-04-13T09:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/two_possible_landing_sites_chosen_for_esa_s_exomars_rover\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:28:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:28:16","slug":"two_possible_landing_sites_chosen_for_esa_s_exomars_rover","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/two_possible_landing_sites_chosen_for_esa_s_exomars_rover\/","title":{"rendered":"Deux sites d\u2019atterrissage pr\u00e9s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s pour ExoMars"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>En 2020, un robot de l\u2019ESA baptis\u00e9 ExoMars Rover se posera \u00e0 la surface de Mars. Ce rover martien aura deux missions distinctes : explorer ce qui se trouve sous la surface de la Plan\u00e8te rouge, et rechercher de potentielles formes de vie. Les planificateurs de la mission ont soigneusement \u00e9tudi\u00e9 des cartes de Mars pour d\u00e9finir les meilleurs sites d\u2019atterrissage du robot de l\u2019ESA. Deux options ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retenues !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Le choix d\u2019un site d\u2019atterrissage est tr\u00e8s difficile. Tout d\u2019abord, il doit se trouver \u00e0 faible altitude plut\u00f4t qu\u2019en haut d\u2019une montagne ou d\u2019un volcan. L\u2019atterrisseur peut ainsi passer le plus de temps possible \u00e0 travers la fine atmosph\u00e8re martienne afin que ses parachutes le ralentissent avec succ\u00e8s avant d\u2019atteindre le sol. Le site ne doit en outre inclure aucune pente abrupte ni rocher pro\u00e9minent, de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que l\u2019atterrissage puisse se d\u00e9rouler sans danger.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"1200\" data-credit=\"ESA\/DLR\/FU Berlin &amp; NASA MGS MOLA Science Team\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2017\/04\/Oxia_Planum\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2017\/04\/oxia_planum\/17902789-2-eng-GB\/Oxia_Planum.jpg\" alt=\"Oxia Planum\"><figcaption>Oxia Planum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Un secteur de Mars appel\u00e9 Oxia Planum s\u2019av\u00e8re particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ressant, c\u2019est pourquoi il a \u00e9t\u00e9 retenu comme site d\u2019atterrissage potentiel. Cette zone se trouve l\u00e9g\u00e8rement au nord de l\u2019\u00e9quateur martien. Il y a environ quatre milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, l\u2019environnement d\u2019Oxia Planum \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rent. Des rivi\u00e8res traversaient par exemple ses vastes plaines. On n\u2019y trouve plus d\u2019eau depuis fort longtemps, mais le robot Exomars Rover pourrait explorer ce secteur pour y rechercher des traces de vie ou y \u00e9tudier les couches de min\u00e9raux.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"1500\" data-credit=\"ESA\/DLR\/FU Berlin, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2017\/04\/Mawrth_Vallis\" data-licence=\"CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO or ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2017\/04\/mawrth_vallis\/18248992-2-eng-GB\/Mawrth_Vallis.jpg\" alt=\"Mawrth Vallis\"><figcaption>Mawrth Vallis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Plusieurs centaines de kilom\u00e8tres plus loin se trouve Mawrth Vallis, le second site d\u2019atterrissage potentiel. L\u2019eau y aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 abondante pendant une tr\u00e8s longue dur\u00e9e, probablement pendant des centaines de millions d\u2019ann\u00e9es. Les \u00e9tendues d\u2019eau qui jalonnaient ce site pourraient avoir abrit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9tranges formes de vie.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"980\" data-credit=\"ESA\/CartoDB\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2017\/04\/ExoMars_landing_site_candidates\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2017\/04\/exomars_landing_site_candidates\/18247475-2-eng-GB\/ExoMars_landing_site_candidates.png\" alt=\"ExoMars landing site candidates\"><figcaption>Sites d'atterrissage potentiels pour ExoMars<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>La d\u00e9cision finale du site d\u2019atterrissage sera prise un an avant qu\u2019ExoMars Rover n\u2019atteigne la surface de Mars. D\u2019ici-l\u00e0, les \u00e9quipes scientifiques vont continuer \u00e0 collecter des informations, de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer le site poss\u00e9dant les meilleures zones d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat pour que le robot de l'ESA puisse utiliser sa foreuse afin d\u2019explorer ce qui se trouve sous la surface. Le site poss\u00e9dant le sol le plus plat augmentera par ailleurs les chances de r\u00e9ussite de l\u2019atterrissage.<\/p>\n<p>Quel site d\u2019atterrissage choisiriez-vous : Oxia Planum ou Mawrth Vallis ?<\/p>\n<p><b>Fait int\u00e9ressant :<\/b> La mission ExoMars est un projet men\u00e9 conjointement par l'ESA et l'agence spatiale russe, Roscosmos.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the year 2020 an ESA robot called the ExoMars Rover will land on the red planet Mars. The ExoMars Rover will have two main tasks: exploring just below the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2017\/03\/exomars_rover4\/17909752-2-eng-GB\/ExoMars_rover.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2017\/03\/ExoMars_rover4","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[62,10,13],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exploration","category-learn","category-life-in-space"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/443","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=443"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/443\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4479,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/443\/revisions\/4479"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=443"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=443"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=443"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=443"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=443"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=443"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=443"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=443"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=443"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=443"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}