{"id":427,"date":"2015-03-26T12:40:00","date_gmt":"2015-03-26T11:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fishing_for_space_junk\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:28:04","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:28:04","slug":"fishing_for_space_junk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/fishing_for_space_junk\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c0 la p\u00eache aux d\u00e9bris spatiaux"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>En 1957, Spoutnik est devenu le premier satellite artificiel \u00e0 atteindre l\u2019espace avec succ\u00e8s. Depuis cette ann\u00e9e historique, des milliers de satellites ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9s en orbite. Ces engins am\u00e9liorent notre quotidien et nous aident \u00e0 mieux nous g\u00e9olocaliser, \u00e0 communiquer dans le monde entier, \u00e0 surveiller la d\u00e9forestation et la fonte des calottes glaciaires, mais aussi \u00e0 \u00e9viter des catastrophes naturelles.<\/p>\n<p>Mais l\u2019av\u00e8nement des satellites a \u00e9galement empli l\u2019espace circumterrestre de gros morceaux de m\u00e9tal inerte. Les chercheurs estiment qu\u2019il y aurait environ 30 000 d\u00e9bris spatiaux circulant en orbite basse autour de la Terre. Ce nombre, qui ne fait qu'augmenter, inclut uniquement les objets les plus imposants : satellites hors service, \u00e9tages sup\u00e9rieurs de fus\u00e9es et m\u00eame des gants d'astronautes !<\/p>\n<p>Dans l\u2019espace proche, on trouve \u00e9galement des millions de petits d\u00e9bris tels que des \u00e9crous, des boulons ou des particules de peinture. Bon nombre d\u2019entre eux \u00e9voluent en orbite \u00e0 environ 7 kilom\u00e8tres par seconde. \u00c0 une telle vitesse, l\u2019impact d\u2019un simple \u00e9clat de peinture pourrait \u00eatre aussi d\u00e9vastateur que celui d\u2019une moto lanc\u00e9e \u00e0 95 kilom\u00e8tres par heure !<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"1920\" data-credit=\"ESA\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2015\/03\/Paxi_nets_ESA_s_Clean_Space_team\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2015\/03\/paxi_nets_esa_s_clean_space_team\/17884916-2-eng-GB\/Paxi_nets_ESA_s_Clean_Space_team.jpg\" alt=\"Paxi nets ESA&#x27;s Clean Space team\"><figcaption>Paxi remporte le contrat de l'\u00e9quipe \u00ab Clean Space \u00bb de l'ESA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Un impact de cette ampleur endommagerait irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement tout autre satellite ou station spatiale, en provoquant qui plus est l\u2019apparition de nouveaux d\u00e9bris spatiaux. L\u2019ESA a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 ses meilleurs ing\u00e9nieurs de trouver une solution \u00e0 ce probl\u00e8me \u00e9minemment complexe. Eh bien figurez-vous que l\u2019une des technologies les plus anciennes de l\u2019humanit\u00e9, en l\u2019occurrence le filet de p\u00eache, va peut-\u00eatre nous y aider !<\/p>\n<p>En utilisant des mod\u00e8les sp\u00e9ciaux de filets command\u00e9s \u00e0 partir d\u2019engins spatiaux, nous pourrions peut-\u00eatre attraper d\u2019anciens satellites afin de nettoyer l\u2019espace. Cette brillante id\u00e9e est actuellement en cours d'essais en impesanteur et, si tout se passe bien, la mission \"e.Deorbit\" de l\u2019ESA sera lanc\u00e9e en 2021 pour tester la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9liminer des d\u00e9bris de grande taille.<\/p>\n<p><b>Anecdote sympa :<\/b> Pour rester dans l'espace et \u00e9viter de retomber en chute libre sur Terre, un satellite doit tourner autour de notre plan\u00e8te \u00e0 plus de 28 200 kilom\u00e8tres \u00e0 l'heure !<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 1957, Sputnik became the first artificial satellite to successfully reach space. Since then, thousands of satellites have been launched. These satellites surrounding our planet today have given us the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2015\/03\/nrc_evaluates_nasa_s_orbital_debris_programs\/17906311-2-eng-GB\/NRC_evaluates_Nasa_s_orbital_debris_programs.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"NASA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2015\/03\/NRC_evaluates_Nasa_s_orbital_debris_programs","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,65,40],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-427","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-mission-control","category-technology"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/427","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=427"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/427\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4463,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/427\/revisions\/4463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=427"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=427"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=427"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=427"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=427"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=427"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=427"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=427"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=427"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=427"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}