{"id":410,"date":"2018-03-20T13:49:00","date_gmt":"2018-03-20T12:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/astronauts_get_a_breath_of_fresh_air\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:27:51","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:27:51","slug":"astronauts_get_a_breath_of_fresh_air","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/astronauts_get_a_breath_of_fresh_air\/","title":{"rendered":"Une bouff\u00e9e d\u2019air frais pour les astronautes"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Pour survivre \u00e0 bord de la Station spatiale internationale, les astronautes ont besoin des m\u00eames choses que nous : des aliments \u00e0 manger, de l\u2019eau potable \u00e0 boire et de l'oxyg\u00e8ne \u00e0 respirer. Ces provisions leur parviennent depuis la Terre \u00e0 bord de vaisseaux cargo. Imaginez maintenant que vous deviez effectuer un voyage spatial vers une plan\u00e8te lointaine : vous seriez trop loin de la Terre et nous ne pourrions pas vous envoyer le moindre ravitaillement! Dans ce cas, comment feriez-vous pour survivre? C\u2019est pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 cette question que des \u00e9quipes scientifiques essaient actuellement de cr\u00e9er de l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne \u00e0 bord de la Station spatiale.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"6480\" data-credit=\"ESA-M. Cowan,\tCC BY-SA 3.0 IGO\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/03\/Cosmic_farming\" data-licence=\"CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO or ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2018\/03\/cosmic_farming\/17869265-2-eng-GB\/Cosmic_farming.jpg\" alt=\"Cosmic farming\"><figcaption>Cosmic farming<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Pour respirer et rester en vie, les \u00eatres humains absorbent de l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne puis rejettent du dioxyde de carbone. Les plantes font le contraire: elles convertissent la lumi\u00e8re solaire en \u00e9nergie pour absorber du dioxyde de carbone et lib\u00e9rer de l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne dans l\u2019air. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne s\u2019appelle la photosynth\u00e8se. Emmener des plantes dans l\u2019espace pourrait ainsi permettre de recycler l\u2019air que respirent les astronautes. Les scientifiques aimeraient d\u00e9couvrir si la photosynth\u00e8se fonctionne de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on en impesanteur que sur notre plan\u00e8te.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"5312\" data-credit=\"SCK-CEN\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/03\/Spirulina\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2018\/03\/spirulina\/17885027-2-eng-GB\/Spirulina.jpg\" alt=\"Spirulina\"><figcaption>Spirulina<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>L\u2019arthrospira, une bact\u00e9rie tr\u00e8s sp\u00e9ciale qui r\u00e9alise la photosynth\u00e8se \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re d'une plante, a \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9e \u00e0 bord de Columbus (le laboratoire spatial europ\u00e9en de l\u2019ESA sur l\u2019ISS). Cette bact\u00e9rie a ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un photobior\u00e9acteur, un dispositif cylindrique assurant une exposition optimale \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re. L\u2019arthrospira peut ainsi collecter le dioxyde de carbone expir\u00e9 par les astronautes pour produire de l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne, mais aussi \u00eatre transform\u00e9e en spiruline - un aliment bact\u00e9rien tr\u00e8s nutritif dont les astronautes peuvent se nourrir.<\/p>\n<p>Nous devons d\u00e9sormais d\u00e9terminer avec davantage de pr\u00e9cision si un s\u00e9jour dans l\u2019espace modifie l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 avec laquelle les plantes produisent de l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne. Les conditions d\u2019impesanteur de la Station spatiale peuvent-elles engendrer des effets ind\u00e9sirables? Les rayonnements spatiaux affectent-ils le processus de photosynth\u00e8se? Nous conna\u00eetrons bient\u00f4t la r\u00e9ponse...<\/p>\n<p>Vous ferez peut-\u00eatre partie des astronautes qui auront un jour la chance de voyager vers un autre monde et de respirer l\u2019air recycl\u00e9 par les plantes!<\/p>\n<p><b>Fait int\u00e9ressant :<\/b> scientists hope to make machines that will recycle astronauts\u2019 urine into water that they can then drink!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Astronauts living on-board the International Space Station need the same things that we do to survive: food to eat, water to drink, and oxygen to breathe. These supplies are delivered [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2018\/03\/arthrospira_microalgae\/17879736-2-eng-GB\/Arthrospira_microalgae.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Arthrospira microalgae","esa_banner_credit":"SCK-CEN","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/03\/Arthrospira_microalgae","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-410","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/410","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=410"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/410\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4452,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/410\/revisions\/4452"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=410"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=410"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=410"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=410"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=410"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=410"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=410"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=410"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=410"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=410"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}