{"id":400,"date":"2005-10-17T12:07:00","date_gmt":"2005-10-17T10:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/aeolus_esa_s_wind_watcher\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:27:44","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:27:44","slug":"aeolus_esa_s_wind_watcher","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/aeolus_esa_s_wind_watcher\/","title":{"rendered":"Aeolus, l'observateur des vents de l'ESA"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Il est facile de mesurer la vitesse et la direction du vent en un point au sol, mais \u00e0 quoi ressemblent les vents \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes altitudes au-dessus de l\u2019ensemble de la Terre ? Un remarquable nouveau satellite europ\u00e9en \u2013 Aeolus \u2013 apportera la r\u00e9ponse.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Couramment appel\u00e9e \u00ab Aeolus \u00bb tout court, cette mission porte le nom du dieu de la l\u00e9gende grecque qui \u00e9tait le \u00ab gardien des vents \u00bb. Cet engin spatial, dont le lancement est pr\u00e9vu pour 2008, passera trois ans \u00e0 observer la Terre et \u00e0 mesurer les vents qui balaient notre plan\u00e8te.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"3000\" data-credit=\"ESA\/AOES Medialab\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2005\/09\/Aeolus_with_laser_beam2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2005\/09\/aeolus_with_laser_beam2\/17866749-3-eng-GB\/Aeolus_with_laser_beam.jpg\" alt=\"Aeolus with laser beam\"><figcaption>\u00c9ole et son faisceau laser<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Le satellite de surveillance des vents de l\u2019ESA transportera un instrument de grande taille (ALADIN) qui sondera tous les niveaux de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re jusqu\u2019\u00e0 30 km d\u2019altitude. ALADIN comprend un laser puissant et un grand t\u00e9lescope reli\u00e9 \u00e0 un r\u00e9cepteur tr\u00e8s sensible. Le laser envoie de br\u00e8ves impulsions de lumi\u00e8re intense dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. Cette lumi\u00e8re est diffus\u00e9e par les mol\u00e9cules de gaz, particules de poussi\u00e8res et gouttelettes d\u2019eau.<\/p>\n<p>Une partie de la lumi\u00e8re r\u00e9trodiffus\u00e9e est collect\u00e9e par le t\u00e9lescope de l\u2019engin spatial et envoy\u00e9e au r\u00e9cepteur embarqu\u00e9. En analysant le signal, il est possible de calculer la vitesse et la direction de l\u2019air en mouvement \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes altitudes dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>L'avenir, c'est maintenant : les lasers. Cr\u00e9dit photo : ESA.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019observation pr\u00e9cise des vents exige de nombreuses mesures dont on calcule la moyenne. Il faut compter 700 impulsions laser pour chaque profil de vent. Les donn\u00e9es stock\u00e9es \u00e0 bord d\u2019Aeolus seront transmises toutes les 90 minutes \u00e0 une station terrestre de Svalbard, en Norv\u00e8ge. Cette multitude d\u2019informations servira non seulement \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les pr\u00e9visions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, mais contribuera \u00e9galement \u00e0 la recherche climatique \u00e0 long terme.<\/p>\n<nav class=\"related\" aria-label=\"\u00c0 lire \u00e9galement\">\n<h2 class=\"related__heading\">\u00c0 lire \u00e9galement<\/h2>\n<div class=\"grid related__grid\">\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"http:\/\/esamultimedia.esa.int\/docs\/build_your_own_aeolus_model.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">Maquette en papier \u00ab Aeolus \u00bb<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/nav>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It is easy to measure wind speed and direction at one place on the ground, but what are the winds like at different heights over the entire Earth? A remarkable [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2005\/06\/aeolus\/17899533-2-eng-GB\/Aeolus.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Aeolus","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/AOES Medialab","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2005\/06\/Aeolus","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[64,42,10],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change","category-earth","category-learn"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/400","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=400"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/400\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4443,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/400\/revisions\/4443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=400"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=400"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=400"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=400"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=400"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=400"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=400"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=400"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=400"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=400"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}