{"id":389,"date":"2018-03-08T14:24:00","date_gmt":"2018-03-08T13:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/remembering_atvs_europe_s_cargo_ferries_in_space\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:27:37","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:27:37","slug":"remembering_atvs_europe_s_cargo_ferries_in_space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/remembering_atvs_europe_s_cargo_ferries_in_space\/","title":{"rendered":"ATV: les vaisseaux cargo de l\u2019Europe dans l\u2019espace"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vous \u00eates-vous d\u00e9j\u00e0 demand\u00e9s comment se ravitaillaient les astronautes \u00e0 bord de la Station spatiale internationale (ISS)? \u00c0 400 km au-dessus de la Terre, il n\u2019est pas possible d\u2019aller au magasin du coin! Comment les astronautes se procurent-ils de l\u2019\u00e9quipement, du mat\u00e9riel scientifique, de l\u2019eau et de l\u2019air? C\u2019est tr\u00e8s simple: nous devons tout leur envoyer depuis la Terre! Pendant tr\u00e8s longtemps, ce sont les v\u00e9hicules de transfert automatique (ATV) de l\u2019ESA qui se sont charg\u00e9s de cette importante mission.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"3000\" data-credit=\"ESA - D. Ducros, 2010\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/03\/Artist_s_view_of_ESA_s_ATV_Johannes_Kepler\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2018\/03\/artist_s_view_of_esa_s_atv_johannes_kepler\/17868747-2-eng-GB\/Artist_s_view_of_ESA_s_ATV_Johannes_Kepler.jpg\" alt=\"Artist&#x27;s view of ESA&#x27;s ATV Johannes Kepler\"><figcaption>Repr\u00e9sentation artistique de l'ATV \u00ab Johannes Kepler \u00bb de l'ESA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Le tout premier ATV a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9 il y a dix ans aujourd\u2019hui. Il s\u2019est envol\u00e9 depuis la Terre \u00e0 bord d\u2019une fus\u00e9e, puis s\u2019est arrim\u00e9 \u00e0 la Station spatiale internationale (ISS) pour y livrer sa cargaison. La mission a \u00e9t\u00e9 un grand succ\u00e8s, ce qui a incit\u00e9 l'ESA \u00e0 construire d'autres ATV. Au total, cinq ATV ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9s entre 2008 et 2014, chacun portant le nom d'un scientifique europ\u00e9en :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Jules Verne, un \u00e9crivain fran\u00e7ais c\u00e9l\u00e8bre pour ses romans de science-fiction.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Jules Verne, un \u00e9crivain fran\u00e7ais mondialement connu pour ses romans de science-fiction.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Edoardo Amaldi, un physicien italien qui souhaitait que les Europ\u00e9ens explorent l'espace de mani\u00e8re pacifique.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Albert Einstein, physicien th\u00e9oricien allemand c\u00e9l\u00e8bre pour son \u00e9quation E = mc<sup>2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Georges Lema\u00eetre, un astronome belge ayant d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 la th\u00e9orie du Big Bang.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Chaque ATV restait amarr\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ISS pendant environ six mois. Les vaisseaux \u00e9taient progressivement vid\u00e9s de leur charge utile avant d\u2019\u00eatre remplis des choses dont les astronautes n\u2019avaient plus besoin (\u00e0 la mani\u00e8re d\u2019une poubelle).<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"4256\" data-credit=\"NASA\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/03\/ATV-2_seen_from_Discovery\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2018\/03\/atv-2_seen_from_discovery\/17895461-2-eng-GB\/ATV-2_seen_from_Discovery.jpg\" alt=\"ATV-2 seen from Discovery\"><figcaption>L'ATV-2 vu depuis Discovery<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Les ATV ne se contentaient pas d\u2019approvisionner les astronautes, ils contribuaient \u00e9galement au maintien de l\u2019ISS en orbite. M\u00eame si la Station spatiale se trouve \u00e0 plusieurs centaines de kilom\u00e8tres de la Terre, elle \u00e9volue \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re terrestre. Cela provoque un frottement qui ralentit progressivement la Station, puis l\u2019attire vers la Terre en raison de la force exerc\u00e9e par la gravit\u00e9. Pour \u00e9viter toute catastrophe, les ATV allumaient r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement leurs propulseurs afin de rehausser l'orbite de la Station et garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des astronautes !<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 la fin de leur mission, les ATV se d\u00e9samarraient avant d\u2019aller se consumer en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re terrestre. Cette rentr\u00e9e atmosph\u00e9rique provoquait leur d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration, et contribuait \u00e9galement \u00e0 d\u00e9truire les d\u00e9chets qu\u2019ils transportaient.<\/p>\n<p>D\u2019autres vaisseaux approvisionnent d\u00e9sormais l\u2019ISS, mais nous n\u2019avons pas oubli\u00e9 l\u2019histoire des ATV ni leurs prouesses.<\/p>\n<p>Si vous \u00e9tiez astronaute \u00e0 bord de l\u2019ISS, quel genre de vivres souhaiteriez-vous qu\u2019un vaisseau cargo vous apporte?<\/p>\n<p><b>Fait int\u00e9ressant :<\/b> Chaque quad transportait 6,6 tonnes de marchandises !<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Have you ever wondered how astronauts onboard the International Space Station get the supplies that they need? Orbiting 400km above Earth, they cannot just go to the shops to buy [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2018\/03\/atv-3_approaches_space_station\/17911121-2-eng-GB\/ATV-3_approaches_Space_Station.jpg","esa_banner_description":"ATV-3 approaches Space Station","esa_banner_credit":"NASA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/03\/ATV-3_approaches_Space_Station","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/389","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=389"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/389\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4436,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/389\/revisions\/4436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=389"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=389"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=389"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=389"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=389"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=389"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=389"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=389"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=389"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}