{"id":227,"date":"2020-11-18T08:18:50","date_gmt":"2020-11-18T07:18:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/spotting_penguin_poo_from_space\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:25:45","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:25:45","slug":"spotting_penguin_poo_from_space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/spotting_penguin_poo_from_space\/","title":{"rendered":"Les excr\u00e9ments des manchots sont visibles depuis l\u2019espace"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Savez-vous \u00e0 tout ce que nous servent les satellites ? Outre les pr\u00e9visions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques et les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, les satellites nous aident \u00e9galement \u00e0 observer les fientes de grands oiseaux tels que les manchots ! Ce n\u2019est pas une blague, et les scientifiques y ont m\u00eame trouv\u00e9 une grande utilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"5000\" data-credit=\"ESA\/ATG medialab\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2015\/06\/Sentinel-2_monitoring_changing_lands\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2015\/06\/sentinel-2_monitoring_changing_lands\/15416933-1-eng-GB\/Sentinel-2_monitoring_changing_lands.jpg\" alt=\"Sentinel-2: monitoring changing lands\"><figcaption>Sentinel-2 : suivi de l'\u00e9volution des terres<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Les manchots empereurs ne vivent qu\u2019en Antarctique. Ils sont vuln\u00e9rables au changement climatique, car le r\u00e9chauffement des eaux oc\u00e9aniques fait fondre la banquise o\u00f9 ils vivent et se reproduisent. Il est donc important de pouvoir suivre le nombre de groupes de manchots \u2013 appel\u00e9s <i>colonies<\/i> \u2013 Il y en a. C'est difficile, car les r\u00e9gions o\u00f9 ils vivent sont isol\u00e9es et les temp\u00e9ratures descendent jusqu'\u00e0 \u201350 \u00b0C, ce qui rend leur acc\u00e8s difficile pour les scientifiques. Les rep\u00e9rer depuis l'espace serait-il la solution ?\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Les manchots, pris individuellement, sont trop petits pour appara\u00eetre sur les images satellites, mais les photos prises par les satellites Sentinel-2A et 2B, qui sont en orbite autour de la Terre, ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 de grandes taches brunes sur la glace dans certaines zones autour de l'Antarctique. Les scientifiques ont compris que c'\u00e9tait l\u00e0 que la glace avait \u00e9t\u00e9 color\u00e9e par les excr\u00e9ments de manchots (dont le nom officiel est <i>guano<\/i>)!<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"1280\" data-credit=\"contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2016), processed by ESA\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2020\/07\/Cape_Gates_Antarctica\" data-licence=\"CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO or ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2020\/07\/cape_gates_antarctica\/22158812-1-eng-GB\/Cape_Gates_Antarctica.jpg\" alt=\"Can you see the brown patches? They are giant stains on the ice caused by penguin poo! Copyright: contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2016), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO\"><figcaption>Voyez-vous ces taches brunes ? Ce sont d'\u00e9normes taches sur la glace caus\u00e9es par les excr\u00e9ments de manchots ! Droits d'auteur : contient des donn\u00e9es Copernicus Sentinel modifi\u00e9es (2016), trait\u00e9es par l'ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Plusieurs de ces taches brunes sont li\u00e9es \u00e0 des colonies que nous connaissons d\u00e9j\u00e0, mais cette technique de localisation nous a permis de d\u00e9couvrir pas moins de 11 nouvelles colonies ! Au total, nous savons d\u00e9sormais que l\u2019Antarctique abrite 61 colonies de manchots. Ces nouvelles colonies portent le nombre connu de manchots empereurs \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d\u2019un demi-million, soit une hausse de 10 % !<\/p>\n<p>M\u00eame si cette d\u00e9couverte est formidable, elle n\u2019est pas uniquement porteuse de bonnes nouvelles. Ces manchots vivent dans des zones affect\u00e9es par le r\u00e9chauffement climatique, ce qui signifie que nous devrons les surveiller de pr\u00e8s et faire tout notre possible pour les prot\u00e9ger. Les satellites Sentinelle 2A et 2B nous y aideront grandement, car leur mission consiste \u00e0 observer la Terre et l\u2019impact des changements climatiques.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"2395\" data-credit=\"BAS\/ESA\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2020\/07\/Locations_of_penguin_colonies\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence and Additional permission may be required\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2020\/07\/locations_of_penguin_colonies\/22158771-1-eng-GB\/Locations_of_penguin_colonies.jpg\" alt=\"Locations of penguin colonies\"><figcaption>Emplacements des colonies de manchots<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><i>Fait int\u00e9ressant : les scientifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 surpris de constater que certaines de ces nouvelles colonies vivent sur la banquise form\u00e9e autour d\u2019icebergs \u00e9chou\u00e9s dans des eaux peu profondes \u2013 un comportement jamais observ\u00e9 auparavant chez les manchots empereurs ! <\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What kind of things do we use satellites for? Most people think of observing the weather and communicating around the world\u2026 but what about spotting penguin poo?! It sounds like [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2020\/07\/emperor_penguins\/22158494-1-eng-GB\/Emperor_penguins.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Emperor penguins","esa_banner_credit":"BAS","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence and Additional permission may be required","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2020\/07\/Emperor_penguins","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-227","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/227","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=227"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/227\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4365,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/227\/revisions\/4365"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=227"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=227"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=227"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=227"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=227"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=227"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=227"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=227"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=227"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}