{"id":194,"date":"2021-12-02T12:44:57","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T11:44:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/meteors2\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:25:20","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:25:20","slug":"meteors2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/meteors2\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e9t\u00e9ores"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le syst\u00e8me solaire regorge d\u2019objets c\u00e9lestes issus de la formation des plan\u00e8tes. Les grains de poussi\u00e8re et les petits morceaux de roche traversant l\u2019espace sont connus sous le nom de m\u00e9t\u00e9oro\u00efdes. Quand ils entrent et se consument dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re d\u2019une plan\u00e8te, ils se transforment en m\u00e9t\u00e9ores. Les gros d\u00e9bris rocheux r\u00e9sistant suffisamment longtemps pour s\u2019\u00e9craser \u00e0 la surface d\u2019une plan\u00e8te sont connus sous le nom de m\u00e9t\u00e9orites.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Il est tr\u00e8s facile d\u2019apercevoir des m\u00e9t\u00e9ores, plus commun\u00e9ment appel\u00e9s \u00ab \u00e9toiles filantes \u00bb. Toute personne observant la vo\u00fbte c\u00e9leste par une nuit sans nuage finira par distinguer la tra\u00een\u00e9e lumineuse d\u2019un ou plusieurs m\u00e9t\u00e9ores. Les m\u00e9t\u00e9ores p\u00e9n\u00e8trent dans la haute atmosph\u00e8re \u00e0 une vitesse moyenne de 15 kilom\u00e8tres par seconde ! Leur tra\u00een\u00e9e lumineuse dure g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement moins d\u2019une seconde. \u00c0 des altitudes d\u2019environ cent kilom\u00e8tres, la friction avec l\u2019air entra\u00eene l\u2019embrasement des m\u00e9t\u00e9ores puis leur destruction.<\/p>\n

Les m\u00e9t\u00e9ores peuvent \u00eatre observ\u00e9s n\u2019importe quand, mais on les aper\u00e7oit encore mieux pendant les pluies p\u00e9riodiques de m\u00e9t\u00e9ores. Ces pluies ont lieu au m\u00eame moment chaque ann\u00e9e, \u00e0 savoir quand la Terre traverse l\u2019orbite d\u2019une com\u00e8te ayant laiss\u00e9 un flux de poussi\u00e8re sur son passage.<\/p>\n

On d\u00e9nombre une vingtaine de grosses pluies de m\u00e9t\u00e9ores, mais seule une partie d\u2019entre elles engendre plus de 50 m\u00e9t\u00e9ores par minute. C\u2019est ainsi que de temps en temps, le ciel se remplit d\u2019\u00e9toiles filantes. L\u2019essaim m\u00e9t\u00e9oritique le plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre est issu des L\u00e9onides, une pluie qui a lieu chaque ann\u00e9e entre le 14 et le 20 novembre. Les L\u00e9onides ont parfois \u00e9t\u00e9 si actifs que les m\u00e9t\u00e9ores ressemblaient alors \u00e0 une multitude de grosses boules de neige !<\/p>\n

En raison de leur taille, certains m\u00e9t\u00e9ores ne peuvent pas \u00eatre vus \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153il nu, mais les radars permettent de les d\u00e9tecter. D\u2019autres plan\u00e8tes que la n\u00f4tre poss\u00e8dent des pluies de m\u00e9t\u00e9ores. Sur Mars, les m\u00e9t\u00e9ores se consument dans la mince couche atmosph\u00e9rique. Sur la Lune, o\u00f9 l\u2019on ne trouve pas d\u2019air, les m\u00e9t\u00e9ores ne se consument pas. Elles se fracassent directement sur le sol.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Solar System is full of material left over from the formation of the planets. Small chunks of rock that travel through space are known as meteoroids. If they enter […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2013\/07\/meteor_shower\/17904232-2-eng-GB\/Meteor_shower.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Meteor shower","esa_banner_credit":"Night Sky Nation","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2013\/07\/Meteor_shower","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[46,10,11],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-194","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-comets-and-meteors","category-learn","category-our-universe","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/194","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=194"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/194\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1337,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/194\/revisions\/1337"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=194"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=194"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=194"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=194"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=194"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=194"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=194"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=194"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=194"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=194"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}