{"id":192,"date":"2021-12-02T12:46:34","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T11:46:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/the_hubble_space_telescope2\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:25:19","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:25:19","slug":"the_hubble_space_telescope2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/the_hubble_space_telescope2\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e9lescope spatial Hubble"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le t\u00e9lescope spatial Hubble (HST) est l'observatoire spatial le plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre \u2013 et sans doute le plus performant \u2013 jamais mis en orbite. Ce t\u00e9lescope de 11 tonnes a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9 sur une orbite autour de la Terre, \u00e0 570 km d'altitude, par la navette spatiale en avril 1990. Effectuant une r\u00e9volution autour de notre plan\u00e8te toutes les 96 minutes, le HST a parcouru \u00e0 ce jour quelque 5 milliards de km.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Hubble a transmis une quantit\u00e9 ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nale de donn\u00e9es scientifiques et des images incroyablement d\u00e9taill\u00e9es de tout type d\u2019objet dans le ciel. \u00c0 l\u2019automne 2009, il avait effectu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 900 000 observations et pris plus de 570 000 clich\u00e9s de plus de 29 000 objets.<\/p>\n

Hubble tient son nom de Edwin Hubble (1889\u20131953), l\u2019un des grands pionniers de l\u2019astronomie moderne. Il comprend un miroir primaire de 2,4 m et cinq instruments scientifiques qui \u00e9tudient l\u2019univers dans les domaines visible, infrarouge et ultraviolet. La lumi\u00e8re capt\u00e9e par le miroir primaire est refl\u00e9t\u00e9e sur un miroir plus petit, avant d\u2019\u00eatre envoy\u00e9e aux instruments. Les donn\u00e9es sont ensuite transmises sur Terre par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire d\u2019un satellite relais.<\/p>\n

L\u2019observatoire est aliment\u00e9 par deux \u00e9normes panneaux solaires (2,6 x 7,1 m). Des capteurs de pointage pr\u00e9cis servent \u00e0 fixer les \u00e9toiles guides. Cela garantit le pointage tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9cis n\u00e9cessaire pour proc\u00e9der \u00e0 des observations correctes.<\/p>\n

Hubble est le seul et unique t\u00e9lescope pour lequel la maintenance est assur\u00e9e dans l\u2019espace par les astronautes, afin de remplacer les instruments en fin de vie. Cela s\u2019est av\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00eatre tr\u00e8s utile, lorsqu\u2019en 1993, les premi\u00e8res images transmises \u00e9taient floues et qu\u2019il a fallu installer un syst\u00e8me optique sp\u00e9cial pour rem\u00e9dier au probl\u00e8me. Il y a eu \u00e0 ce jour cinq missions de maintenance, la derni\u00e8re ayant eu lieu en mai 2009. Hubble devrait rester op\u00e9rationnel jusqu\u2019en 2014.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is the most famous – and probably most successful – space observatory ever flown. The 11 tonne telescope was placed into a 570 km high […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2010\/04\/the_joint_esa_nasa_hubble_space_telescope2\/17892982-2-eng-GB\/The_joint_ESA_NASA_Hubble_Space_Telescope.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2010\/04\/The_joint_ESA_NASA_Hubble_Space_Telescope2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/192","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=192"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/192\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1335,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/192\/revisions\/1335"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=192"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=192"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=192"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=192"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=192"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=192"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=192"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=192"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=192"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=192"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}