{"id":170,"date":"2022-02-01T11:29:34","date_gmt":"2022-02-01T10:29:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/space_debris_space_junk\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:25:04","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:25:04","slug":"space_debris_space_junk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/space_debris_space_junk\/","title":{"rendered":"Les d\u00e9bris spatiaux"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Les d\u00e9bris spatiaux posent un grave probl\u00e8me. Ils risquent d\u2019entrer en collision avec des satellites et de les mettre hors service, comme ce fut le cas du satellite fran\u00e7ais Cerise en 1996.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Certains de ces d\u00e9bris sont de grande taille comme des \u00e9tages de fus\u00e9es qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 largu\u00e9s ainsi que des satellites abandonn\u00e9s. La plupart de ces d\u00e9bris sont cependant beaucoup plus petits.<\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, les t\u00e9lescopes et les radars suivent quelques 8 500 d\u00e9bris jusqu\u2019\u00e0 une taille de 10 cm. Des millions de morceaux sont encore plus petits, y compris des \u00e9clats de peinture et des poussi\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments ne devraient normalement pas constituer un danger mais dans l\u2019espace les d\u00e9bris se d\u00e9placent \u00e0 tr\u00e8s grande vitesse. M\u00eame les particules de poussi\u00e8re se comportent comme des balles de petit calibre.<\/p>\n

L\u2019ESOC, le Centre europ\u00e9en d\u2019op\u00e9rations spatiales, surveille de tr\u00e8s pr\u00e8s ces d\u00e9bris. Il utilise un t\u00e9lescope d\u20191m situ\u00e9 dans les Iles Canaries et un syst\u00e8me radar install\u00e9 en Allemagne. Le satellite Proba de l\u2019ESA assure \u00e9galement une surveillance des d\u00e9bris microscopiques.<\/p>\n

Le Centre europ\u00e9en d'op\u00e9rations spatiales (ESOC) surveille de tr\u00e8s pr\u00e8s les d\u00e9bris spatiaux. Il utilise un t\u00e9lescope d'un m\u00e8tre situ\u00e9 aux \u00eeles Canaries et un syst\u00e8me radar bas\u00e9 en Allemagne. Les d\u00e9bris microscopiques sont \u00e9galement surveill\u00e9s par le satellite Proba-1 de l'ESA et par une exp\u00e9rience de l'ESA men\u00e9e \u00e0 bord de la Station spatiale internationale.
Ces informations permettent \u00e0 l'ESOC de donner des conseils sur le moment o\u00f9 un engin spatial devrait \u00eatre plac\u00e9 sur une orbite plus s\u00fbre. Elles permettent \u00e9galement d'alerter rapidement de la pr\u00e9sence d'objets de grande taille sur le point de rentrer dans l'atmosph\u00e8re.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Space junk is a major problem. Some of it is very large, such as burnt-out rocket stages, dead spacecraft, and a few tools lost during spacewalks. However, most of it […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2001\/03\/space_debris2\/17864602-3-eng-GB\/Space_debris.gif","esa_banner_description":"Space debris","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2001\/03\/Space_debris2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,48,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-170","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-space-debris","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=170"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1313,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170\/revisions\/1313"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=170"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}