{"id":1139,"date":"2004-11-19T09:40:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-19T08:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/new_transport\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:36:27","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:36:27","slug":"new_transport","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/new_transport\/","title":{"rendered":"Nouveaux modes de transport"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>L'espace est immense. Un voyage vers la Lune \u2013 notre voisine dans l'espace \u2013 prendra trois jours avec des fus\u00e9es chimiques classiques. Les voyages vers Mars, les ast\u00e9ro\u00efdes et les plan\u00e8tes ext\u00e9rieures dureraient plusieurs mois, voire plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Pendant ces longs voyages, la sant\u00e9 et la forme physique des astronautes sont amoindries par l'exposition aux radiations et \u00e0 l'apesanteur. De longues missions n\u00e9cessitent aussi plus d'air, d'eau et de nourriture, et augmentent la probabilit\u00e9 d'\u00e9v\u00e9nements impr\u00e9vus. Mais comment raccourcir ces missions?<\/p>\n<p>Une solution consiste \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer le rendement des moteurs-fus\u00e9es. Les ing\u00e9nieurs de l\u2019ESA ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 mis au point un syst\u00e8me de propulsion \u00e9lectrique pour la mission SMART-1 vers la Lune. Les moteurs \u00e9lectriques sont bien plus petits et l\u00e9gers que les moteurs classiques. Bien qu\u2019ils consomment beaucoup moins de carburant, ils sont capables de produire une vitesse d\u2019\u00e9chappement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la vitesse \u00e0 laquelle les gaz issus du moteur sont propuls\u00e9s dans l\u2019espace.<\/p>\n<p>Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 produite par la lumi\u00e8re du soleil qui frappe des \u2018 ailes \u2019 constitu\u00e9es de cellules solaires, ils peuvent augmenter progressivement la vitesse d'un engin spatial jusqu'\u00e0 ce qu'il se d\u00e9place \u00e0 une vitesse plusieurs fois sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle d'une fus\u00e9e chimique.<\/p>\n<p>Pour des missions tr\u00e8s \u00e9loign\u00e9es du soleil, des moteurs nucl\u00e9aires seront n\u00e9cessaires. Avec de tels moteurs il sera peut-\u00eatre un jour possible de voyager jusqu'\u00e0 Mars en quelques jours seulement.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Space is vast. A trip to the Moon &#8211; our neighbour in space \u2013 will take three days using normal chemical rockets. Journeys to Mars, the asteroids and the outer [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/11\/smart-1_showing_off_ion_engine2\/17872705-2-eng-GB\/SMART-1_showing_off_ion_engine.jpg","esa_banner_description":"SMART-1 showing off ion engine","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/11\/SMART-1_showing_off_ion_engine2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[62,10,13],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exploration","category-learn","category-life-in-space","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1139","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1139"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1139\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2282,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1139\/revisions\/2282"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}