{"id":1131,"date":"2004-11-16T08:19:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-16T07:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/mars_valleys_and_volcanoes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:36:21","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:36:21","slug":"mars_valleys_and_volcanoes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/mars_valleys_and_volcanoes\/","title":{"rendered":"Les vall\u00e9es et les volcans de Mars"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Les images transmises par des sondes spatiales telles que \u00ab Mars Express \u00bb de l\u2019ESA montrent que Mars comporte de nombreux grands crat\u00e8res d\u2019impact. La plupart d\u2019entre eux se trouvent au sud de l\u2019\u00e9quateur. Ils semblent avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9s par des m\u00e9t\u00e9orites qui se sont \u00e9cras\u00e9es \u00e0 la surface il y a des milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es. Le plus grand crat\u00e8re mesure environ 1 800 km de diam\u00e8tre, soit une taille suffisante pour engloutir la moiti\u00e9 de l\u2019Europe.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Cependant, la surface de Mars a \u00e9volu\u00e9 au cours de son histoire. L'une des caract\u00e9ristiques les plus frappantes est l'immense r\u00e9seau de vall\u00e9es \u2013 les Valles Marineris \u2013 situ\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de l'\u00e9quateur de la plan\u00e8te. D'une longueur d'environ 5 000 km, elles s'\u00e9tendraient de Paris \u00e0 New York.<\/p>\n

\"Perspective
Vue en perspective des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts dans Melas Chasma<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ces vall\u00e9es semblent avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9es par des fissures apparues \u00e0 la surface de la plan\u00e8te, lorsque la cro\u00fbte rocheuse s'est \u00e9tir\u00e9e et a c\u00e9d\u00e9. Elles sont aujourd'hui si larges qu'une personne se tenant \u00e0 l'un de leurs bords ne pourrait pas en voir l'autre rive.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

Non loin \u00e0 l'ouest se trouvent cinq immenses volcans. Le plus impressionnant d'entre eux est l'Olympus Mons, le plus grand volcan du syst\u00e8me solaire. Il est plus large que l'Angleterre et trois fois plus haut que l'Everest, la plus haute montagne de la Terre. Aucun de ces volcans n'est actif \u00e0 l'heure actuelle.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pictures sent back by spacecraft such as ESA’s Mars Express show that Mars has many large impact craters. Most of these are to the south of the equator. They seem […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/11\/crater_hale_in_argyre_basin3\/17910048-2-eng-GB\/Crater_Hale_in_Argyre_basin.jpe","esa_banner_description":"Crater Hale in Argyre basin","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/DLR\/FU Berlin (G. Neukum)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/11\/Crater_Hale_in_Argyre_basin3","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1131"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1131\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4864,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1131\/revisions\/4864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1131"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1131"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1131"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1131"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1131"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1131"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1131"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}