{"id":1123,"date":"2004-12-03T10:13:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-03T09:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/how_do_we_observe_the_earth\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:36:15","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:36:15","slug":"how_do_we_observe_the_earth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/how_do_we_observe_the_earth\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment observer la terre?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Pendant des si\u00e8cles, la seule fa\u00e7on d'obtenir une vue d'une zone \u00e9tendue \u00e9tait de monter sur des sommets. L'invention des ballons et des avions a largement facilit\u00e9 l'observation de la terre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Depuis le d\u00e9but de l'\u00e8re spatiale, les satellites ont \u00e9t\u00e9 de plus en plus utilis\u00e9s pour observer chaque aspect de notre plan\u00e8te.<\/p>\n

Ils observent la terre de tr\u00e8s loin, donc ces satellites sont parfois appel\u00e9s des satellites de 't\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection'.<\/p>\n

Les images les plus d\u00e9taill\u00e9es de la surface de la terre et de son atmosph\u00e8re sont envoy\u00e9es par des satellites en orbite basse qui leur font survoler les p\u00f4les Nord et Sud.<\/p>\n

La terre tourne sous eux, donc ces satellites peuvent cr\u00e9er des images de la totalit\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te \u2013 en bandes successives \u2013 en quelques jours.<\/p>\n

\"Envisat,
Envisat, repr\u00e9sentation artistique<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les satellites en orbite polaire \u00e9tudient la couverture de glace et de neige, l'occupation des sols, la pollution de l'air et de l'eau, ainsi que les conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques locales. Les satellites en orbite polaire de l'ESA sont le satellite europ\u00e9en de t\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection (ERS-2) et le satellite environnemental Envisat.<\/p>\n

D'autres engins spatiaux observent en permanence la m\u00eame partie de la terre sur une orbite \u00e0 36 000 km au-dessus de l'\u00e9quateur. Celle-ci leur offre une vue plus \u00e9tendue mais ne permet pas d'\u00e9tudier la terre avec autant de d\u00e9tails.<\/p>\n

L'Europe a pour l'instant lanc\u00e9 huit satellites m\u00e9t\u00e9o, appel\u00e9s Meteosat, sur ce type d\u2019orbite 'g\u00e9ostationnaire'.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For many centuries, the only way to obtain a good view of a large area was to climb to higher ground. Then the invention of balloons and aircraft made Earth […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/07\/the_world_seen_by_envisat_s_meris2\/17870967-2-eng-GB\/The_world_seen_by_Envisat_s_MERIS.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The world seen by Envisat 's MERIS","esa_banner_credit":"ESA 2004","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/07\/The_world_seen_by_Envisat_s_MERIS2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[42,10,59],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth","category-learn","category-natural-disasters","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1123"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4859,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123\/revisions\/4859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1123"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1123"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1123"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1123"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1123"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1123"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1123"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1123"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1123"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}