{"id":1102,"date":"2006-01-19T11:12:00","date_gmt":"2006-01-19T10:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/the_kuiper_belt\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:36:01","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:36:01","slug":"the_kuiper_belt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/the_kuiper_belt\/","title":{"rendered":"La ceinture de Kuiper"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Les t\u00e9lescopes modernes ont d\u00e9couvert des centaines d'objets glac\u00e9s au-del\u00e0 de l'orbite de Neptune, dans une r\u00e9gion connue sous le nom de ceinture de Kuiper. La ceinture doit son nom \u00e0 Gerard Kuiper, un astronome d'origine hollandaise qui sugg\u00e9ra, en 1951, que certaines com\u00e8tes pouvaient provenir de cette r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Le premier objet de la ceinture de Kuiper a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert en 1992, prouvant que la th\u00e9orie de Kuiper \u00e9tait fond\u00e9e. Ces objets sont particuli\u00e8rement difficiles \u00e0 observer parce qu'ils sont peu visibles et leur mouvement apparent est tr\u00e8s lent. Il leur faut plusieurs si\u00e8cles pour compl\u00e9ter une orbite autour du Soleil.<\/p>\n<p>Ces objets sont probablement des r\u00e9sidus de la formation des plan\u00e8tes. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9ject\u00e9s dans cette r\u00e9gion lointaine suite \u00e0 des interactions avec les plan\u00e8tes g\u00e9antes.<\/p>\n<p>La plupart des objets sont petits, de l'ordre de 10-50 km de diam\u00e8tre. Jusqu'\u00e0 r\u00e9cemment, on pensait que Pluton \u00e9tait le plus gros membre de la ceinture de Kuiper, bien que d'autres objets \u00e9taient presque aussi gros.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"400\" data-credit=\"NASA\/JPL - Caltech\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2006\/01\/Xena2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2006\/01\/xena2\/17867118-3-eng-GB\/Xena.jpg\" alt=\"Eris\"><figcaption>\u00c9ris<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Mais en 2005, on a observ\u00e9 un objet encore plus gros. Il s'agit de 2003 UB313, que les scientifiques ont nomm\u00e9 \" Xena \" (d'apr\u00e8s le nom de la princesse guerri\u00e8re de la s\u00e9rie t\u00e9l\u00e9vis\u00e9e) en attente de lui donner un v\u00e9ritable nom, Eris.<\/p>\n<p>Au moment de sa d\u00e9couverte, Eris \u00e9tait deux fois plus loin du Soleil que Pluton (97 fois la distance entre la Terre et le Soleil). Xena est donc l'objet le plus \u00e9loign\u00e9 jamais observ\u00e9 dans le syst\u00e8me solaire. Son orbite est inclin\u00e9e de 44 degr\u00e9s, de sorte qu'elle se d\u00e9place bien au-dessus et au-dessous des trajectoires des autres plan\u00e8tes. On a \u00e9galement d\u00e9couvert qu\u2019Eris avait une lune, appel\u00e9e Dysnomia.<\/p>\n<p>Tout le monde ne s'accorde pas \u00e0 dire que Pluton et \u00c9ris doivent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme les neuvi\u00e8me et dixi\u00e8me plan\u00e8tes du syst\u00e8me solaire. En 2006, l'Union astronomique internationale les a class\u00e9es dans la cat\u00e9gorie des \u2018 plan\u00e8tes naines \u2019.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Modern telescopes have revealed hundreds of icy objects beyond the orbit of Neptune, in a region known as the Kuiper Belt. The Belt is named after Gerard Kuiper, a Dutch-born [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2006\/01\/kuiper_belt2\/17908900-2-eng-GB\/Kuiper_Belt.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2006\/01\/Kuiper_Belt2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1102"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1102\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4852,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1102\/revisions\/4852"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1102"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1102"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1102"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1102"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1102"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1102"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1102"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}