{"id":1096,"date":"2007-10-19T13:43:00","date_gmt":"2007-10-19T11:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/herschel_esa_s_cosmic_heat_seeker\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:35:58","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:35:58","slug":"herschel_esa_s_cosmic_heat_seeker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/herschel_esa_s_cosmic_heat_seeker\/","title":{"rendered":"Le d\u00e9tecteur de chaleur cosmique Herschel de l\u2019ESA"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Au cours de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2008, deux des observatoires spatiaux les plus sensibles jamais lanc\u00e9s d\u00e9colleront du site de Kourou en Guyane fran\u00e7aise. Herschel, le plus puissant t\u00e9lescope spatial d\u00e9tecteur de chaleur du monde, et le t\u00e9lescope Planck, qui \u00e9tudiera les r\u00e9sidus de lumi\u00e8re issus du Big Bang, prendront place \u00e0 bord du lanceur Ariane 5.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Avec l\u2019observatoire spatial Herschel, l\u2019ESA voit grand. Ce satellite mesure pr\u00e8s de 7 m\u00e8tres de haut par 4,3 m\u00e8tres de large et p\u00e8se 3,25 tonnes. Son t\u00e9lescope a un miroir de 3,5 m\u00e8tres de diam\u00e8tre, ce qui en fait le plus grand miroir jamais r\u00e9alis\u00e9 pour une mission spatiale scientifique.<\/p>\n

Enfin, cet observatoire doit son nom \u00e0 un g\u00e9ant de la science, l\u2019astronome et musicien allemand William Herschel. En 1800, alors qu\u2019il utilisait un prisme de verre pour d\u00e9composer la lumi\u00e8re blanche en un arc-en-ciel de couleurs, Herschel vit \u00e0 sa grande surprise un thermom\u00e8tre plac\u00e9 le long du faisceau de lumi\u00e8re rouge enregistrer une hausse de temp\u00e9rature. C\u2019est ainsi qu\u2019il d\u00e9couvrit la lumi\u00e8re invisible du Soleil que les scientifiques connaissent comme le \u201crayonnement infrarouge\u201d et que nous appelons plus commun\u00e9ment la \u201cchaleur\u201d.<\/p>\n

Le t\u00e9lescope Herschel sera plac\u00e9 \u00e0 1,5 millions de kilom\u00e8tres de la Terre, suffisamment loin pour \u00e9viter les probl\u00e8mes dus \u00e0 l\u2019interf\u00e9rence du rayonnement infrarouge terrestre avec les observations. Ses trois instruments seront refroidis par de l\u2019h\u00e9lium liquide de sorte \u00e0 se rapprocher du z\u00e9ro absolu (-273\u00b0C).<\/p>\n

Herschel sera utilis\u00e9 pour \u00e9tudier l\u2019Univers \u00ab froid \u00bb. Ses \u00ab yeux \u00bb ultra-froids verront \u00e0 travers les nuages de poussi\u00e8re pour \u00e9tudier les zones o\u00f9 naissent les \u00e9toiles, les centres des galaxies et les plan\u00e8tes cach\u00e9es. Le principal objectif de cette mission est l\u2019\u00e9tude de la formation des \u00e9toiles et des galaxies aux balbutiements de l\u2019Univers.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In the summer of 2008, two of the most sensitive space observatories ever launched will lift off from Kourou in French Guiana. On board the Ariane 5 rocket will be […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2007\/09\/sun_earth_and_the_spacecraft_are_aligned2\/17892130-2-eng-GB\/Sun_Earth_and_the_spacecraft_are_aligned.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/AOES Medialab","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2007\/09\/Sun_Earth_and_the_spacecraft_are_aligned2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,21],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-stars-and-galaxies","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1096"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1096\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2239,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1096\/revisions\/2239"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}