{"id":1047,"date":"2010-06-30T07:54:00","date_gmt":"2010-06-30T05:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/weightless_experiments_help_industries_on_earth\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:35:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:35:16","slug":"weightless_experiments_help_industries_on_earth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/weightless_experiments_help_industries_on_earth\/","title":{"rendered":"Les exp\u00e9riences en impesanteur au service des industries terrestres"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Un s\u00e9jour type \u00e0 bord de la Station Spatiale Internationale (ISS) dure pr\u00e8s de six mois et beaucoup se demandent \u00e0 quoi les membres de l\u2019\u00e9quipage occupent le temps qu\u2019ils passent l\u00e0-haut. En fait, une bonne partie de leurs activit\u00e9s quotidiennes sont consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019exp\u00e9riences susceptibles d'avoir des applications pratiques de retour sur Terre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>L\u2019ISS est le laboratoire le plus grand et le plus sophistiqu\u00e9 \u00e0 avoir jamais pris la voie des airs. Ses modules \u00e9quip\u00e9s sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019instar du laboratoire Columbus de l\u2019ESA permettent aux scientifiques d\u2019\u00e9tudier un vaste \u00e9ventail de sujets dans un milieu tr\u00e8s sp\u00e9cial o\u00f9 tout est en impesanteur. Si, sur Terre, la gravit\u00e9 influence fortement tout ce que nous faisons, des choses tr\u00e8s bizarres se produisent quand les effets de cette force disparaissent.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"200\" data-credit=\"ESA\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2007\/11\/A_flame_in_microgravity2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2007\/11\/a_flame_in_microgravity2\/17893018-2-eng-GB\/A_flame_in_microgravity.jpg\" alt=\"A flame in microgravity\"><figcaption>Une flamme en microgravit\u00e9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Par exemple, la flamme d\u2019une bougie a pour nous une forme pointue famili\u00e8re. Cette forme allong\u00e9e vers le haut est due \u00e0 la mont\u00e9e des gaz chauds, plus l\u00e9gers que l\u2019air frais qui les entoure. L\u2019air froid est attir\u00e9 vers la base de la m\u00e8che et fournit l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne qui entretient la combustion de la cire de la bougie. Mais en impesanteur, les gaz chauds ne sont pas plus l\u00e9gers que l\u2019air froid et rien ne s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve. R\u00e9sultat, la flamme est petite et ronde, presque invisible. La combustion proprement dite ne se d\u00e9veloppe qu\u2019\u00e0 la surface de la flamme, o\u00f9 le combustible que constitue la cire peut se m\u00e9langer \u00e0 l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne de l\u2019air ext\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n<p>Observer comment se passe la combustion en impesanteur permet aux chercheurs d\u2019apprendre beaucoup de choses. Ces connaissances peuvent ensuite \u00eatre utilis\u00e9es pour, par exemple, concevoir des moteurs de voiture ou d\u2019avion qui consomment moins et polluent moins.<\/p>\n<p>Un autre domaine de recherche int\u00e9ressant concerne le m\u00e9lange des liquides. Bon nombre des m\u00e9taux que nous utilisons au quotidien sont des alliages, c'est-\u00e0-dire des m\u00e9langes de deux m\u00e9taux ou plus. Les alliages sont obtenus en faisant fondre les m\u00e9taux afin qu'ils se m\u00e9langent. Sur Terre, la gravit\u00e9 influence fortement la mani\u00e8re dont les diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9taux liquides se combinent, mais le m\u00e9lange est beaucoup plus facile dans l'espace. Les exp\u00e9riences men\u00e9es en apesanteur nous en apprennent beaucoup sur ce processus, ce qui permet de fabriquer de meilleurs alliages une fois de retour sur Terre.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A typical stay on board the International Space Station (ISS) lasts about six months. But how do the crew members occupy their time while they are up there? Quite a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2009\/10\/de_winne_with_the_foam_stability_experiment2\/17897422-2-eng-GB\/De_Winne_with_the_Foam_Stability_experiment.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"NASA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2009\/10\/De_Winne_with_the_Foam_Stability_experiment2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,13,63],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-life-in-space","category-living-in-space","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1047","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1047"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1047\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4816,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1047\/revisions\/4816"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1047"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1047"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1047"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1047"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1047"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1047"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1047"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1047"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1047"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}