{"id":1018,"date":"2010-07-28T07:07:00","date_gmt":"2010-07-28T05:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/spacecraft_monitor_threat_of_spreading_oil_spill\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:56","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:56","slug":"spacecraft_monitor_threat_of_spreading_oil_spill","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/spacecraft_monitor_threat_of_spreading_oil_spill\/","title":{"rendered":"Les satellites surveillent l\u2019\u00e9volution de la mar\u00e9e noire"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le p\u00e9trole joue un r\u00f4le essentiel dans la vie moderne. Sans ce carburant pr\u00e9cieux, les voitures et les camions ne prendraient pas la route, les avions resteraient clou\u00e9s au sol et de nombreuses usines fermeraient leurs portes. Mais le p\u00e9trole peut aussi \u00eatre une menace pour la nature si les dues pr\u00e9cautions ne sont pas prises. Les mar\u00e9es noires peuvent recouvrir de vastes portions d\u2019oc\u00e9an. Ces nappes brunes enveloppent tout ce qu\u2019elles touchent d\u2019une boue gluante, sont mortelles pour les oiseaux et la faune aquatique, et recouvrent les plages de sable et les barri\u00e8res de corail.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

La derni\u00e8re catastrophe en date a commenc\u00e9 le 22 avril 2010 suite \u00e0 l\u2019explosion d\u2019une plate-forme de forage p\u00e9trolier qui a ensuite coul\u00e9 dans le Golfe du Mexique. Depuis, des milliers de barils de brut s\u2019\u00e9chappent chaque jour d\u2019un puits endommag\u00e9 sur le fond marin, donnant lieu \u00e0 une catastrophe \u00e9cologique majeure.<\/p>\n

\"Envisat,
Envisat, repr\u00e9sentation artistique<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tendue du monstre noir est surveill\u00e9e par de nombreux satellites et, notamment, par le satellite Envisat de l\u2019ESA. Ces \u00ab yeux de l\u2019espace \u00bb fournissent des informations \u00e0 jour essentielles \u00e0 des milliers de fonctionnaires et \u00e0 la population, bien plus nombreuse encore, qui vit de la p\u00eache et du tourisme.<\/p>\n

Les instruments optiques des satellites d\u00e9tectent la mar\u00e9e noire pendant la journ\u00e9e lorsque la zone est d\u00e9gag\u00e9e. Les instruments radar peuvent, quant \u00e0 eux, la voir la nuit et par temps couvert. Les informations sur les vagues et les courants oc\u00e9aniques permettent, par ailleurs, de calculer la direction dans laquelle la mar\u00e9e noire est susceptible de s\u2019\u00e9tendre.<\/p>\n

Les images montrent que le p\u00e9trole a \u00e9t\u00e9 happ\u00e9 par un courant circulaire qui le maintient, du moins pour le moment, bien loin de la majeure partie de la Floride. Entre-temps, la saison des ouragans a commenc\u00e9 et les satellites traquent ces puissantes temp\u00eates qui vont retarder les efforts visant \u00e0 boucher d\u00e9finitivement la fuite.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Oil is an essential part of modern life. Without this precious fuel, cars and lorries would stay off the road, planes would be unable to fly and many industries would […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2010\/07\/oil_spill_in_the_gulf_of_mexico2\/17897458-2-eng-GB\/Oil_spill_in_the_Gulf_of_Mexico.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"Image courtesy of: http:\/\/sparklingbytheway.wordpress.com","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2010\/07\/Oil_spill_in_the_Gulf_of_Mexico2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26,43],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1018","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","category-protecting-earth"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1018","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1018"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1018\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4800,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1018\/revisions\/4800"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1018"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1018"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1018"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1018"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1018"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1018"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1018"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1018"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1018"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1018"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}