{"id":1001,"date":"2004-12-03T10:28:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-03T09:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/aerosols\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:43","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:43","slug":"aerosols","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/aerosols\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u00e9rosols"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

L'air est charg\u00e9 de minuscules particules de poussi\u00e8re et de gouttelettes en suspension, appel\u00e9es \u201c a\u00e9rosols \u201d. De nombreux a\u00e9rosols sont d'origine naturelle. Il s'agit notamment du sable provenant des temp\u00eates de poussi\u00e8re du d\u00e9sert, des particules de sel issues de l'oc\u00e9an, des cristaux de glace, ainsi que des cendres provenant des incendies et des \u00e9ruptions volcaniques.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Les activit\u00e9s humaines augmentent aussi la quantit\u00e9 d'a\u00e9rosols dans l'atmosph\u00e8re. Les a\u00e9rosols de noir de fum\u00e9e et de dioxyde de soufre montent des centrales \u00e9lectriques 'sales' ou des chemin\u00e9es d'usine. D'autres a\u00e9rosols sont \u00e9mis par les \u00e9chappements des voitures et les moteurs des avions.<\/p>\n

Les a\u00e9rosols sont si petits qu'ils peuvent se r\u00e9pandre tout autour de la plan\u00e8te. Ils peuvent d\u00e9clencher des crises d'asthme et cr\u00e9er des pluies acides pouvant \u00eatre mortelles pour les poissons et les arbres. Ils peuvent aussi jouer un r\u00f4le dans les changements climatiques parce qu\u2019ils absorbent et diffusent la lumi\u00e8re du soleil. Les donn\u00e9es transmises par les satellites aident les scientifiques \u00e0 \u00e9tudier la diffusion des a\u00e9rosols et leur influence sur la plan\u00e8te.<\/p>\n

Quatre instruments \u00e0 bord du satellite Envisat de l'ESA permettent d\u2019\u00e9tudier les concentrations de particules de poussi\u00e8re et de gouttelettes dans les nuages, du niveau du sol jusqu'\u00e0 une altitude de 100 km. Ils permettent de d\u00e9tecter les tra\u00een\u00e9es d'a\u00e9rosols et de polluants qui recouvrent la plupart des villes industrielles ou les for\u00eats qui br\u00fblent. Elles permettent aussi de d\u00e9tecter les tra\u00een\u00e9es d'\u00e9chappement laiss\u00e9es par les avions dans la haute atmosph\u00e8re.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The air is full of tiny, floating dust particles and droplets – known as \u201caerosols\u201d. Many aerosols are produced by nature. These include sand from desert dust storms, salt particles […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/07\/volcano_-_grey_with_smoke2\/17894314-2-eng-GB\/Volcano_-_grey_with_smoke.jpe","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/07\/Volcano_-_grey_with_smoke2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[64,42,10],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1001","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change","category-earth","category-learn","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1001","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1001"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1001\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2144,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1001\/revisions\/2144"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1001"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1001"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1001"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1001"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1001"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1001"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1001"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1001"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1001"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1001"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}