{"id":1000,"date":"2010-02-18T14:04:00","date_gmt":"2010-02-18T13:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/the_threat_of_melting_ice\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:42","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:42","slug":"the_threat_of_melting_ice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/the_threat_of_melting_ice\/","title":{"rendered":"La fonte des calottes polaires et des glaciers : une menace"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Il y a pr\u00e8s de 20 000 ans, la presque totalit\u00e9 de l\u2019Europe, de l\u2019Asie et de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord et du Sud \u00e9tait recouverte de gigantesques glaciers de plusieurs kilom\u00e8tres d\u2019\u00e9paisseur. Depuis, la glace a progressivement fondu et les glaciers se sont retir\u00e9s. Aujourd\u2019hui, les seuls glaciers recouvrant des masses continentales se trouvent en Antarctique et au Groenland. L\u2019on trouve aussi de la glace sous forme de glaciers dans les r\u00e9gions montagneuses et, sous forme de floes, dans l\u2019oc\u00e9an Arctique et autour de l\u2019Antarctique.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00c0 premi\u00e8re vue, ces lointains restes de l\u2019\u00c8re glaciaire peuvent sembler peu importants pour nous aujourd\u2019hui. Cependant, rien ne saurait \u00eatre plus \u00e9loign\u00e9 de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. De nombreux scientifiques pensent que notre plan\u00e8te se r\u00e9chauffe sous l'effet des gaz \u00e0 effet de serre que nous \u00e9mettons dans l'atmosph\u00e8re. Or, si la temp\u00e9rature de la Terre augmente, les calottes glaciaires commenceront \u00e0 fondre ce qui entra\u00eenera une hausse du niveau des oc\u00e9ans qui pourrait atteindre plusieurs m\u00e8tres d\u2019ici \u00e0 la fin du si\u00e8cle. Une telle mont\u00e9e pourrait causer l\u2019inondation des zones littorales basses et menacer de nombreuses agglom\u00e9rations importantes.<\/p>\n

Les observations effectu\u00e9es depuis l\u2019espace laissent penser que la fonte de certaines parties des principaux glaciers s\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e8re. Parall\u00e8lement, des images satellite r\u00e9centes ont montr\u00e9 que des surfaces de glace de mer anormalement importantes ont fondu pendant l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 arctique. Bien que cette fonte de la banquise n\u2019ait aucun effet sur le niveau des oc\u00e9ans, elle se traduira par d\u2019autres changements environnementaux de taille. Il faut savoir, par exemple, que les inlandsis fonctionnent comme des miroirs en r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissant la lumi\u00e8re du Soleil et en refroidissant la Terre. S\u2019ils disparaissent, il est probable que la Terre se r\u00e9chauffera et que des changements climatiques importants se produiront. La faune et la flore des r\u00e9gions polaires pourraient bien \u00eatre d\u00e9cim\u00e9es.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

About 20,000 years ago, much of Europe, Asia, North and South America was covered by huge sheets of ice, each many kilometres thick. Since then, the ice has gradually melted […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2009\/10\/iceberg2\/17899718-2-eng-GB\/Iceberg.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2009\/10\/Iceberg2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[64,42,10],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1000","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change","category-earth","category-learn","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1000","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1000"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1000\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2143,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1000\/revisions\/2143"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1000"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1000"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1000"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1000"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1000"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1000"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1000"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1000"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1000"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1000"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}