{"id":831,"date":"2004-12-02T15:33:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/all_shapes_and_sizes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:46","slug":"all_shapes_and_sizes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/all_shapes_and_sizes\/","title":{"rendered":"Kaikenlaisia ja -kokoisia"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Avaruusaluksella tarkoitetaan laitetta, joka on suunniteltu l\u00e4hetett\u00e4v\u00e4ksi avaruuteen. Niit\u00e4 voidaan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 Maan havainnointiin, viestint\u00e4\u00e4n, navigointiin ja avaruuden tutkimiseen. On my\u00f6s avaruusaluksia, jotka kuljettavat ihmisi\u00e4 avaruuteen \u2013 niit\u00e4 kutsutaan \u2018miehitetyiksi avaruusaluksiksi\u2019 \u2013 sek\u00e4 sellaisia, jotka kuljettavat avaruusasemille tarvittavia tarvikkeita.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Koska avaruudessa ei ole ilmaa, avaruusalus voi olla muodoltaan melkein mik\u00e4 tahansa. Koko on suurempi ongelma. Avaruusalus on mahduttava raketin suojakoteloon, ja raketilla on oltava riitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti tehoa sen nostamiseksi kiertoradalle. Maailman ensimm\u00e4inen satelliitti, nimelt\u00e4\u00e4n Sputnik, painoi 83,6 kg ja oli koripallon kokoinen. Nyky\u00e4\u00e4n viestint\u00e4satelliitit voivat painaa yli 6 tonnia (6000 kg).<\/p>\n

Avaruusasemien rakentamiseen k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4t moduulit ovat viel\u00e4kin suurempia. ESA:n 20 tonnin painoinen ATV (Automated Transfer Vehicle) voi kuljettaa jopa 9 tonnia rahtia ja kokeita Kansainv\u00e4liselle avaruusasemalle.<\/p>\n

Avaruusaluksen muoto riippuu p\u00e4\u00e4asiassa siit\u00e4, py\u00f6riik\u00f6 se avaruudessa vai ei.<\/p>\n

Jotkut satelliitit, kuten Meteosat, py\u00f6riv\u00e4t ja ovat tynnyrinmuotoisia. Nyky\u00e4\u00e4n suurin osa satelliiteista on laatikkomaisia eiv\u00e4tk\u00e4 ne py\u00f6ri. Niiden laitteistot, kuten kamerat, ovat suurimman osan ajasta suunnattuina samaan suuntaan.<\/p>\n

Joissakin satelliiteissa on suuret aurinkosiivet (aurinkopaneelit, jotka muuttavat auringonvalon s\u00e4hk\u00f6ksi), jotka k\u00e4\u00e4ntyv\u00e4t niin, ett\u00e4 ne osoittavat aina kohti aurinkoa. Pieniss\u00e4 satelliiteissa on usein nelj\u00e4ll\u00e4 sivulla litte\u00e4t aurinkopaneelit.<\/p>\n

Laskeutumislaitteet ovat erilaisia. Niiden on kestett\u00e4v\u00e4 \u00e4\u00e4rimm\u00e4ist\u00e4 kuumuutta, kun ne laskeutuvat ilmassa suurella nopeudella. Esimerkiksi Titanille laskeutunut ESA:n Huygens-luotain oli lautasen muotoinen, ja siin\u00e4 oli eteenp\u00e4in suunnattu l\u00e4mp\u00f6suoja.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A spacecraft is a machine designed to be put into space. They can be used for observing the Earth, communication, navigation and space exploration. There are also spacecraft that carry […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/12\/the_atv_and_progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells2\/18248696-2-eng-GB\/The_ATV_and_Progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_Apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The ATV and Progress spacecraft use solar arrays, the Apollo spacecraft makes use of fuel cells","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/D.Ducros","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/12\/The_ATV_and_Progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_Apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=831"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1974,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831\/revisions\/1974"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}