{"id":822,"date":"2004-12-02T15:38:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/different_orbits\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:40","slug":"different_orbits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/different_orbits\/","title":{"rendered":"Erilaiset kiertoradat"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Kiertorata on kappaleen liikerata tietyn avaruuspisteen ymp\u00e4ri, esimerkiksi Kuun liikerata Maan ymp\u00e4ri. Kiertoradat m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ytyv\u00e4t painovoiman vaikutuksesta, ja ne ovat usein \u2018elliptisi\u00e4\u2019, eli soikean muotoisia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Jokainen satelliitti sijoitetaan teht\u00e4v\u00e4ns\u00e4 suorittamiseen parhaiten soveltuvalle kiertoradalle. Esimerkiksi maapallon havainnointisatelliitit sijoitetaan yleens\u00e4 matalille (400\u20131 200 km) py\u00f6reille kiertoradoille. N\u00e4in ne kiert\u00e4v\u00e4t maapallon kerran muutaman tunnin v\u00e4lein ja saavat tarkkoja kuvia planeetan pinnasta.<\/p>\n

Paras reitti n\u00e4ille satelliiteille on \u201cpolaarinen\u201d kiertorata, joka vie ne pohjois- ja etel\u00e4navan yli. Kun Maa py\u00f6rii niiden alla, satelliitit voivat katsoa suoraan alasp\u00e4in ja tutkia koko planeettaa \u2013 kaistale kaistaleelta \u2013 muutaman p\u00e4iv\u00e4n aikana.<\/p>\n

S\u00e4\u00e4- ja viestint\u00e4satelliitit \u201cleijuvat\u201d usein saman maapallon alueen yl\u00e4puolella 24 tuntia vuorokaudessa. T\u00e4m\u00e4 on mahdollista, kun ne sijoitetaan py\u00f6reille kiertoradoille noin 36 000 km:n korkeudelle p\u00e4iv\u00e4ntasaajan yl\u00e4puolelle. T\u00e4ll\u00e4 korkeudella ne pysyv\u00e4t maapallon py\u00f6rimisen tahdissa, joten ne katsovat aina alas samoihin paikkoihin. T\u00e4t\u00e4 kutsutaan \u201cgeostationaariseksi kiertoradaksi\u201d. Jotkut satelliitit \u2013 mukaan lukien Kansainv\u00e4linen avaruusasema \u2013 liikkuvat matalilla kiertoradoilla, jotka ovat kaltevia (kallistuneita) p\u00e4iv\u00e4ntasaajaan n\u00e4hden.<\/p>\n

Useat tieteelliset satelliitit, kuten ESA:n Cluster ja XMM-Newton, liikkuvat hyvin elliptisill\u00e4 (munanmuotoisilla) kiertoradoilla, jotka viev\u00e4t ne l\u00e4helle Maata ja sitten kauas pois.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

An orbit is the path of an object around a particular point in space, for example the path the Moon takes around the Earth. Orbits are determined by gravity, and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2001\/05\/some_popular_orbits3\/17864898-3-eng-GB\/Some_popular_orbits.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Some popular orbits","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2001\/05\/Some_popular_orbits3","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,65,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-822","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-mission-control","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=822"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1965,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822\/revisions\/1965"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=822"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=822"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}