{"id":745,"date":"2004-12-09T14:59:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-09T13:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/shake_rattle_and_roll\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:31:49","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:31:49","slug":"shake_rattle_and_roll","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/shake_rattle_and_roll\/","title":{"rendered":"Ravista, ravista ja rokkaa"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Avaruus on \u00e4\u00e4rimm\u00e4isen vihamielinen ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6. Avaruusalusten on kestett\u00e4v\u00e4 \u00e4\u00e4rimm\u00e4ist\u00e4 kuumuutta ja kylmyytt\u00e4, s\u00e4teily\u00e4, magneettikentti\u00e4, meteoriitteja, muiden avaruusalusten j\u00e4tteit\u00e4 sek\u00e4 ilman puutetta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Koska avaruusalusten rakentaminen ja laukaiseminen on kallista, haluamme niiden kest\u00e4v\u00e4n mahdollisimman pitk\u00e4\u00e4n. Jotta satelliitit voisivat toimia avaruudessa monien vuosien ajan, niiden on l\u00e4p\u00e4ist\u00e4v\u00e4 lukuisia testej\u00e4 maassa.<\/p>\n

Ensimm\u00e4inen haaste, jonka satelliittien on selvitett\u00e4v\u00e4, on raketin laukaisun aikana syntyv\u00e4 kova melu ja t\u00e4rin\u00e4. T\u00e4t\u00e4 testataan ravistelemalla satelliittia ja altistamalla se erityisen kammion sis\u00e4ll\u00e4 olevista valtavista kaiuttimista tulevalle \u00e4\u00e4nelle.<\/p>\n

Toinen haaste, jonka satelliittien on selvitett\u00e4v\u00e4 avaruudessa, on selviyty\u00e4 \u00e4\u00e4rimm\u00e4isist\u00e4 kuumuudesta ja kylmyydest\u00e4. Auringon aiheuttamaa \u00e4\u00e4rimm\u00e4ist\u00e4 kuumuutta simuloidaan ilmatiiviiss\u00e4 kammiossa, joka on varustettu tehokkailla lampuilla ja peileill\u00e4. Eritt\u00e4in alhaiset l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilat saadaan aikaan pumppaamalla nestem\u00e4ist\u00e4 typpe\u00e4 kammion seiniss\u00e4 olevien putkien l\u00e4pi.<\/p>\n

S\u00e4hk\u00f6j\u00e4rjestelmien toimivuuden varmistamiseksi satelliitti sijoitetaan voimakkaaseen magneettikentt\u00e4\u00e4n, joka voi aiheuttaa s\u00e4hk\u00f6isi\u00e4 h\u00e4iri\u00f6it\u00e4. Tietokoneet valvovat kaikkea, mit\u00e4 avaruusaluksessa tapahtuu n\u00e4iden koettelemusten aikana.<\/p>\n

Yli vuoden ajan tai jopa pidemp\u00e4\u00e4n jokainen avaruusaluksen osista testataan ja testataan uudelleen. Kun avaruusalus on koottu, se testataan viel\u00e4 kerran. Vasta silloin insin\u00f6\u00f6rit voivat olla varmoja siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 heid\u00e4n luomuksensa menestyy, kun se saavuttaa kiertoradan.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Outer space is extremely hostile. Spacecraft have to survive extremes of hot and cold, radiation, magnetic fields, meteorites, debris from other spacecraft and lack of air. Since spacecraft are expensive […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/06\/gaia_antenna_in_test_chamber2\/17893611-2-eng-GB\/Gaia_antenna_in_test_chamber.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Gaia antenna in test chamber","esa_banner_credit":"Astrium\u2013A. Martin, 2012","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/06\/Gaia_antenna_in_test_chamber2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=745"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1888,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745\/revisions\/1888"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}