{"id":637,"date":"2013-10-16T09:57:00","date_gmt":"2013-10-16T07:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/herschel_esa_s_supercool_heat_seeker\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:30:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:30:34","slug":"herschel_esa_s_supercool_heat_seeker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/herschel_esa_s_supercool_heat_seeker\/","title":{"rendered":"Herschel: ESA:n huippuj\u00e4\u00e4hdytetty l\u00e4mp\u00f6anturi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>14. toukokuuta 2009 laukaistiin Ranskan Guayanassa Kouroussa kaksi kaikkien aikojen herkimmist\u00e4 avaruusobservatorioista. Euroopan Ariane 5 -raketin kyydiss\u00e4 olivat Herschel, maailman tehokkain l\u00e4mp\u00f6\u00e4 havaitseva avaruusteleskooppi, sek\u00e4 Planck, joka oli suunniteltu tutkimaan heikkoa s\u00e4teily\u00e4, joka t\u00e4ytti maailmankaikkeuden v\u00e4litt\u00f6m\u00e4sti alkur\u00e4j\u00e4hdyksen j\u00e4lkeen.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Kaikki ESA:n Herschel-avaruusobservatoriossa oli suurikokoista. Satelliitti oli noin 7 metri\u00e4 korkea ja 4,3 metri\u00e4 leve\u00e4, ja sen massa oli 3,25 tonnia. Sen kaukoputken p\u00e4\u00e4peilin halkaisija oli 3,5 metri\u00e4, mik\u00e4 oli suurin koskaan tieteelliseen avaruusalukselle rakennettu peili.<\/p>\n<p>Observatorio nimettiin toisen tieteen suuren nimen, saksalaisen harrastajataivaantutkijan ja muusikon William Herschelin mukaan, joka l\u00f6ysi Uranus-planeetan vuonna 1781. 19 vuotta my\u00f6hemmin h\u00e4n l\u00f6ysi my\u00f6s n\u00e4kym\u00e4tt\u00f6m\u00e4n valon muodon, jota tutkijat kutsuvat \u201cinfrapunas\u00e4teilyksi\u201d. Me kutsumme sit\u00e4 usein yksinkertaisesti \u201cl\u00e4mm\u00f6ksi\u201d.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"1500\" data-credit=\"ESA\/Herschel\/PACS\/SPIRE\/J.Fritz, U.Gent\/XMM-Newton\/EPIC\/W. Pietsch, MPE\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/01\/Andromeda_Galaxy_in_infrared_and_X-rays2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/01\/andromeda_galaxy_in_infrared_and_x-rays2\/17912481-2-eng-GB\/Andromeda_Galaxy_in_infrared_and_X-rays.jpg\" alt=\"Andromeda Galaxy in infrared and X-rays\"><\/figure>\n<p>Herschel-observatorio l\u00e4hetettiin erityiselle kiertoradalle 1,5 miljoonan kilometrin p\u00e4\u00e4h\u00e4n, riitt\u00e4v\u00e4n kauas, jotta maapallon l\u00e4mp\u00f6 ei h\u00e4iritsisi havaintoja. Sen kolmea mittauslaitetta j\u00e4\u00e4hdytettiin nestem\u00e4isell\u00e4 heliumilla niin, ett\u00e4 niiden l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila oli l\u00e4hell\u00e4 absoluuttista nollapistett\u00e4 (-273 \u00b0C).<\/p>\n<p>Herscheli\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin \u2018kylm\u00e4n\u2019 maailmankaikkeuden tutkimiseen. Sen eritt\u00e4in herk\u00e4t \u2018silm\u00e4t\u2019 pystyiv\u00e4t n\u00e4kem\u00e4\u00e4n p\u00f6lypilvien l\u00e4pi, jolloin voitiin tutkia t\u00e4htien muodostumisalueita ja galaksien keskuksia sek\u00e4 havaita piilossa olevia t\u00e4hti\u00e4 ja planeettoja. Sen avulla voitiin my\u00f6s etsi\u00e4 kaukaisia galakseja, jotta niiden muodostumiseen miljardeja vuosia sitten saataisiin uutta tietoa.<\/p>\n<p>Herschelin uraauurtava tieteellinen teht\u00e4v\u00e4 p\u00e4\u00e4ttyi 29. huhtikuuta 2013, kun sen heliumj\u00e4\u00e4hdytysaineen varasto ehtyi. Satelliittia k\u00e4ytettiin kuitenkin edelleen kiertoratatesteiss\u00e4, kunnes sille l\u00e4hetettiin lopullinen sammutuskomento 17. kes\u00e4kuuta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 14 May 2009, two of the most sensitive space observatories ever built were launched from Kourou in French Guiana. On board Europe\u2019s Ariane 5 rocket were Herschel, the world\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/05\/herschel_under_discussion2\/17880624-2-eng-GB\/Herschel_under_discussion.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA - C. Carreau","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/05\/Herschel_under_discussion2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/637","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=637"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/637\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4600,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/637\/revisions\/4600"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=637"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=637"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}