{"id":582,"date":"2010-10-27T08:10:00","date_gmt":"2010-10-27T06:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cluster_explores_invisible_space\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:29:54","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:29:54","slug":"cluster_explores_invisible_space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/cluster_explores_invisible_space\/","title":{"rendered":"Cluster tutkii n\u00e4kym\u00e4t\u00f6nt\u00e4 tilaa"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Kes\u00e4ll\u00e4 2000 nelj\u00e4 identtist\u00e4 Cluster-avaruusaluksia laukaistiin eritt\u00e4in pitk\u00e4nomaisille polaarikierroille, jotka veiv\u00e4t ne kolmanneksen matkasta Kuuhun. Siit\u00e4 l\u00e4htien ESA:n nelikko \u2013 joka tunnetaan nimill\u00e4 Salsa, Samba, Rumba ja Tango \u2013 on lent\u00e4nyt muodostelmassa Maan ymp\u00e4ri. Toisinaan ne ovat olleet planeetan magneettikent\u00e4n sis\u00e4ll\u00e4. Toisinaan ne ovat poistuneet magnetosf\u00e4\u00e4rist\u00e4 ja lent\u00e4neet aurinkotuulen s\u00e4hk\u00f6isesti varautuneiden hiukkasten l\u00e4pi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Kun avaruusluotainten kiertoradat ja keskin\u00e4iset et\u00e4isyydet ovat muuttuneet, ne ovat tuottaneet ensimm\u00e4iset kolmiulotteiset havainnot n\u00e4kym\u00e4tt\u00f6mist\u00e4 hiukkasista ja magneettikentist\u00e4, jotka t\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t Maan l\u00e4hiavaruuden. Erityisen kiinnostuksen kohteena on ollut revontuli, punainen ja vihre\u00e4 valoverho, joka n\u00e4kyy y\u00f6taivaalla napa-alueiden yl\u00e4puolella. Revontulia syntyy, kun auringosta tulevat yli\u00e4\u00e4niset hiukkaset t\u00f6rm\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4t maapallon magneettikentt\u00e4\u00e4n. Suurin osa niist\u00e4 k\u00e4\u00e4ntyy maapallon magneettikilven vaikutuksesta, mutta osa p\u00e4\u00e4see l\u00e4pi ja j\u00e4\u00e4 loukkuun.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"400\" data-credit=\"NASA\/ ESA\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2009\/04\/Effect_of_extreme_solar_activity_on_Earth_s_magnetosphere2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2009\/04\/effect_of_extreme_solar_activity_on_earth_s_magnetosphere2\/17908974-2-eng-GB\/Effect_of_extreme_solar_activity_on_Earth_s_magnetosphere.gif\" alt=\"Effect of extreme solar activity on Earth&#x27;s magnetosphere\"><figcaption>\u00c4\u00e4rimm\u00e4isen auringon aktiivisuuden vaikutus Maan magneettikeh\u00e4\u00e4n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>N\u00e4m\u00e4 hiukkaset liukuvat spiraalimaisesti magneettikent\u00e4n viivoja pitkin ja t\u00f6rm\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4t yl\u00e4ilmakeh\u00e4\u00e4n, jolloin syntyy revontuli. V\u00e4rikk\u00e4\u00e4seen verhoon ilmestyy kuitenkin toisinaan tummia \u2018aukkoja\u2019 \u2013 niin sanottuja mustia revontulia. Cluster-tutkimusryhm\u00e4 havaitsi, ett\u00e4 n\u00e4m\u00e4 syntyv\u00e4t kohdissa, joissa hiukkaset pakenevat yl\u00f6sp\u00e4in avaruuteen sen sijaan, ett\u00e4 ne liukuisivat alasp\u00e4in ilmakeh\u00e4\u00e4n.<\/p>\n<p>Cluster on tehnyt monia muita l\u00f6yt\u00f6j\u00e4, kuten j\u00e4ttim\u00e4isi\u00e4 py\u00f6rteit\u00e4, jotka sy\u00f6tt\u00e4v\u00e4t hiukkasia Maan magneettikentt\u00e4\u00e4n. Se on my\u00f6s paljastanut, kuinka \u2018tappajaelektronit\u2019 saavuttavat niin suuren energian, ett\u00e4 ne voivat lamauttaa tai tuhota kiertoradalla olevia avaruusaluksia.<\/p>\n<p>Kaikki nelj\u00e4 satelliittia ovat jo ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneit\u00e4, mutta Cluster-tiimi on vakuuttunut siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 ne pystyv\u00e4t toimimaan ainakin vuoteen 2016 asti. Sill\u00e4 v\u00e4lin tutkijat ymp\u00e4ri maailmaa odottavat innolla, ett\u00e4 p\u00e4\u00e4sev\u00e4t jatkamaan tutkimustaan Maamme ymp\u00e4rill\u00e4 olevasta n\u00e4kym\u00e4tt\u00f6m\u00e4st\u00e4 avaruudesta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the summer of 2000, four identical Cluster spacecraft were launched into highly elongated polar orbits which took them one third of the way to the Moon. Since then, the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2000\/08\/the_four_cluster_spacecraft2\/17866490-3-eng-GB\/The_four_Cluster_spacecraft.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The four Cluster spacecraft","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2000\/08\/The_four_Cluster_spacecraft2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,35],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-the-sun"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/582","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=582"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/582\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4561,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/582\/revisions\/4561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=582"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=582"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=582"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=582"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=582"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=582"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=582"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=582"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=582"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=582"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}