{"id":491,"date":"2011-01-24T13:33:00","date_gmt":"2011-01-24T12:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/black_holes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:28:49","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:28:49","slug":"black_holes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/black_holes\/","title":{"rendered":"Mustat aukot"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Mustat aukot ovat maailmankaikkeuden omituisimpia kohteita. Mustalla aukolla ei ole pintaa, kuten planeetalla tai t\u00e4hdell\u00e4. Sen sijaan se on avaruuden alue, jossa aine on romahtanut itseens\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4n katastrofaalisen romahduksen seurauksena valtava m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 massaa keskittyy uskomattoman pienelle alueelle. T\u00e4m\u00e4n alueen painovoima on niin suuri, ettei mik\u00e4\u00e4n voi paeta sielt\u00e4 \u2013 ei edes valo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Vaikka mustia aukkoja ei voi n\u00e4hd\u00e4, tied\u00e4mme niiden olemassaolosta sen perusteella, miten ne vaikuttavat l\u00e4hell\u00e4 oleviin p\u00f6lypilviin, t\u00e4htiin ja galakseihin. Monia niist\u00e4 ymp\u00e4r\u00f6i materiaalista muodostuva kiekko. Kun kiekot py\u00f6riv\u00e4t niiden ymp\u00e4rill\u00e4 kuin py\u00f6rre, ne kuumenevat \u00e4\u00e4rimm\u00e4isen kuumiksi ja s\u00e4teilev\u00e4t r\u00f6ntgens\u00e4teily\u00e4.<\/p>\n<p>Mustia aukkoja on monen kokoisia. Monet niist\u00e4 ovat vain muutaman kerran Aurinkoa massiivisempia. N\u00e4m\u00e4 \u2018t\u00e4htimassaiset\u2019 mustat aukot syntyv\u00e4t, kun raskas t\u00e4hti, joka on noin 10 kertaa Aurinkoa painavampi, p\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4\u00e4 el\u00e4m\u00e4ns\u00e4 supernovar\u00e4j\u00e4hdyksess\u00e4. T\u00e4hdest\u00e4 j\u00e4ljelle j\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4 osa \u2013 joka on edelleen useiden aurinkomassojen suuruinen \u2013 romahtaa alueeksi, jonka halkaisija on vain muutama kilometri.<\/p>\n<p>Useimpien galaksien, mukaan lukien Linnunradan, keskustassa on supermassiivisia mustia aukkoja. Ne voivat olla miljoonia tai miljardeja kertoja painavampia kuin Aurinkomme. Supermassiiviset mustat aukot toimivat my\u00f6s aktiivisten galaksien ja kvasaareiksi kutsuttujen muinaisten galaksien voimanl\u00e4htein\u00e4. Kvasaarit voivat olla satoja kertoja kirkkaampia kuin edes suurimmat tavalliset galaksit.<\/p>\n<p>Mustaan aukkoon putoavat esineet venyv\u00e4t kirjaimellisesti murtumispisteeseen asti. Astronautti, joka uskaltautuisi liian l\u00e4helle ja imeytyisi mustaan aukkoon, repe\u00e4isi kappaleiksi ylivoimaisen painovoiman vaikutuksesta.<\/p>\n<nav class=\"related\" aria-label=\"Aiheeseen liittyv\u00e4t\">\n<h2 class=\"related__heading\">Aiheeseen liittyv\u00e4t<\/h2>\n<div class=\"grid related__grid\">\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/fi\/sorte_huller\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">Tanska<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/fi\/zwarte_gaten\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">hollanti<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/fi\/schwarze_loecher\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">saksa<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/fi\/svarte_hull\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">norja<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/fi\/czarne_dziury\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">puola<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/fi\/svarta_haal\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">ruotsi<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/nav>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Black holes are the strangest objects in the Universe. A black hole does not have a surface, like a planet or star. Instead, it is a region of space where [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/04\/a_black_hole_and_companion_star_with_supernova2\/17902678-2-eng-GB\/A_black_hole_and_companion_star_with_supernova.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA, NASA and Felix Mirabel (French Atomic Energy Commission & the Institute for Astronomy and Space Physics\/Conicet of Argentina)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/04\/A_black_hole_and_companion_star_with_supernova2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,19],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-story-of-the-universe","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=491"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1634,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/491\/revisions\/1634"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}