{"id":1096,"date":"2007-10-19T13:43:00","date_gmt":"2007-10-19T11:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/herschel_esa_s_cosmic_heat_seeker\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:35:58","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:35:58","slug":"herschel_esa_s_cosmic_heat_seeker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/herschel_esa_s_cosmic_heat_seeker\/","title":{"rendered":"Herschel: ESA:n kosmisen l\u00e4mm\u00f6netsij\u00e4"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Kes\u00e4ll\u00e4 2008 kaksi kaikkien aikojen herkimmist\u00e4 avaruusobservatorioista laukaistaan Kourousta Ranskan Guayanasta. Ariane 5 -raketin kyydiss\u00e4 ovat Herschel, maailman tehokkain l\u00e4mp\u00f6\u00e4 havaitseva avaruusteleskooppi, sek\u00e4 Planck, joka tutkii heikkoa s\u00e4teily\u00e4, joka t\u00e4ytti maailmankaikkeuden v\u00e4litt\u00f6m\u00e4sti alkur\u00e4j\u00e4hdyksen j\u00e4lkeen.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Kaikki ESA:n Herschel-avaruusobservatoriossa on suurikokoista. Satelliitti on noin 7 metri\u00e4 korkea ja 4,3 metri\u00e4 leve\u00e4, ja sen massa on 3,25 tonnia. Sen kaukoputken p\u00e4\u00e4peilin halkaisija on 3,5 metri\u00e4, mik\u00e4 on suurin koskaan tieteelliseen avaruusalukselle rakennettu peili.<\/p>\n

Observatorio on nimetty toisen tieteen suuren nimen, saksalaisen t\u00e4htitieteilij\u00e4n ja muusikon William Herschelin, mukaan. Vuonna 1800 Herschel k\u00e4ytti lasiprismaa hajottaakseen valkoisen valon sateenkaaren v\u00e4reiksi. H\u00e4nen yll\u00e4tyksekseen punaisen valons\u00e4teen viereen sijoitettu l\u00e4mp\u00f6mittari osoitti l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan nousua. Herschel oli l\u00f6yt\u00e4nyt auringosta per\u00e4isin olevan n\u00e4kym\u00e4tt\u00f6m\u00e4n valon, jota tiedemiehet kutsuvat \u201cinfrapunas\u00e4teilyksi\u201d. Me kutsumme sit\u00e4 usein yksinkertaisesti \u201cl\u00e4mm\u00f6ksi\u201d.<\/p>\n

Herschel sijoittuu 1,5 miljoonan kilometrin p\u00e4\u00e4h\u00e4n, mik\u00e4 on riitt\u00e4v\u00e4n kaukana, jotta maapallon infrapunas\u00e4teilyn aiheuttamat h\u00e4iri\u00f6t eiv\u00e4t vaikuta havaintoihin. Sen kolmea mittauslaitetta j\u00e4\u00e4hdytet\u00e4\u00e4n nestem\u00e4isell\u00e4 heliumilla niin, ett\u00e4 niiden l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila on l\u00e4hell\u00e4 absoluuttista nollapistett\u00e4 (-273 \u00b0C).<\/p>\n

Herschel-satelliitin avulla tutkitaan \u2018kylm\u00e4\u00e4\u2019 maailmankaikkeutta. Sen eritt\u00e4in kylm\u00e4t \u2018silm\u00e4t\u2019 n\u00e4kev\u00e4t p\u00f6lypilvien l\u00e4pi, jolloin voidaan tutkia t\u00e4htien muodostumisalueita, galaksien keskuksia ja piilossa olevia planeettoja. Ennen kaikkea sen avulla pyrit\u00e4\u00e4n selvitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n, miten galaksit ja t\u00e4hdet muodostuivat varhaisessa maailmankaikkeudessa.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In the summer of 2008, two of the most sensitive space observatories ever launched will lift off from Kourou in French Guiana. On board the Ariane 5 rocket will be […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2007\/09\/sun_earth_and_the_spacecraft_are_aligned2\/17892130-2-eng-GB\/Sun_Earth_and_the_spacecraft_are_aligned.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/AOES Medialab","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2007\/09\/Sun_Earth_and_the_spacecraft_are_aligned2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,21],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-stars-and-galaxies","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1096"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1096\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2239,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1096\/revisions\/2239"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}