{"id":1081,"date":"2009-10-30T10:28:00","date_gmt":"2009-10-30T09:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/esa_satellite_prepares_for_water_watch\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:35:47","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:35:47","slug":"esa_satellite_prepares_for_water_watch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/esa_satellite_prepares_for_water_watch\/","title":{"rendered":"ESAn satelliitti valmistautuu veden seurantaan"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Ohikulkevalle avaruusolennolle Maa n\u00e4ytt\u00e4isi vesimaailmalta, jota meret ja pilvet peitt\u00e4v\u00e4t suurimmaksi osaksi. Ilman t\u00e4t\u00e4 arvokasta nestett\u00e4 el\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4 Maassa ei olisi. Planeetan vedest\u00e4 ja sen vaikutuksesta s\u00e4\u00e4h\u00e4n ja ilmastoon on kuitenkin viel\u00e4 paljon, mit\u00e4 emme tied\u00e4. ESAn seuraavan Earth Explorer -luotainohjelman, SMOS:n, odotetaan antavan joitakin vastauksia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Vesi on ainoa luonnollinen aine, joka voi esiinty\u00e4 maapallolla kaasuna, nesteen\u00e4 tai kiinte\u00e4n\u00e4 aineena. Kun aurinko l\u00e4mmitt\u00e4\u00e4 vett\u00e4, se haihtuu ja muuttuu kaasuksi (vesih\u00f6yryksi). T\u00e4m\u00e4 kaasu nousee yl\u00f6sp\u00e4in ja j\u00e4\u00e4htyy, jolloin muodostuu pilvi\u00e4 ja sadetta. Sade putoaa takaisin maan pinnalle, jolloin veden kiertokierto t\u00e4ydentyy.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"2490\" data-credit=\"ESA - AOES Medialab\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2009\/07\/SMOS_BR-2782\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2009\/07\/smos_br-2782\/17885841-2-eng-GB\/SMOS_BR-278.jpg\" alt=\"SMOS BR-278\"><\/figure>\n<p>Vaikka suurin osa vesih\u00f6yryst\u00e4 on per\u00e4isin merist\u00e4, noin kymmenesosa syntyy kasvien hengityksest\u00e4 ja maaper\u00e4n haihtumisesta. Jos maaper\u00e4 kuitenkin kostuu liikaa, se voi johtaa tulviin ja maaper\u00e4n eroosioon. Liian v\u00e4h\u00e4inen kosteus puolestaan muuttaa maan aavikoksi. T\u00e4ll\u00e4 hetkell\u00e4 maaper\u00e4n kosteutta mitataan vain v\u00e4h\u00e4n, mutta tilanne on muuttumassa SMOS-satelliitin laukaisun my\u00f6t\u00e4.<\/p>\n<p>Satelliitti mittaa my\u00f6s merien suolapitoisuutta etsien alueita, jotka ovat huomattavasti suolaisempia ja siten tihe\u00e4mpi\u00e4. T\u00e4llaiset erot vaikuttavat merivirtauksiin, jotka puolestaan vaikuttavat s\u00e4\u00e4h\u00e4n ja ilmastoon.<\/p>\n<p>SMOS-satelliitissa on erityinen laite, jolla mitataan sek\u00e4 maaper\u00e4n kosteutta ett\u00e4 meren suolapitoisuutta. Y-muotoisiin varsiin kiinnitetyt 69 vastaanotinta mittaavat pinnalta tulevaa mikroaaltos\u00e4teily\u00e4. Ne pystyv\u00e4t havaitsemaan maaper\u00e4n kosteuden, joka on vain 4% \u2013 mik\u00e4 vastaa yht\u00e4 teelusikallista vett\u00e4 kourallisessa kuivaa maata. Kolmivuotisen teht\u00e4v\u00e4ns\u00e4 aikana satelliitti laatii ensimm\u00e4iset avaruudesta laaditut maailmanlaajuiset kartat maaper\u00e4n kosteudesta ja meren suolapitoisuudesta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To a passing alien, Earth would appear as a water world, largely covered by oceans and clouds. Without this precious liquid, life on Earth would not exist. However, there is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2009\/09\/smos_in_orbit2\/18245588-2-eng-GB\/SMOS_in_orbit.jpg","esa_banner_description":"SMOS in orbit","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/AOES Medialab","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2009\/09\/SMOS_in_orbit2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[42,10,66],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth","category-learn","category-water-world"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1081","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1081"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1081\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4840,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1081\/revisions\/4840"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1081"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1081"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1081"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1081"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1081"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1081"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1081"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}