{"id":921,"date":"2004-11-15T16:12:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-15T15:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/phobos_and_deimos\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:48","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:48","slug":"phobos_and_deimos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/phobos_and_deimos\/","title":{"rendered":"Phobos ja Deimos"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

1877. aastal avastas Ameerika astronoom Asaph Hall kaks v\u00e4ikest kuud, mis tiirlevad Marsi \u00fcmber. Neile anti nimed Phobos (Hirm) ja Deimos (Paanika). Rohkem kui 130 aastat hiljem p\u00fc\u00fcavad teadlased ikka veel nende kuude saladusi lahti harutada.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Need v\u00f5ivad olla asteroidid \u2013 planeetide tekkimisel j\u00e4rele j\u00e4\u00e4nud v\u00e4ikesed kivid \u2013, mille Mars endasse haaras.<\/p>\n

M\u00f5lemad kuud on mustemad kui s\u00fcsi ja n\u00e4evad v\u00e4lja nagu purustatud kartulid. Phobose l\u00e4bim\u00f5\u00f5t on laiemas kohas 27 km ja \u00fchel k\u00fcljel on tal suur kokkup\u00f5rkekraater. Ta tiirleb Marsi \u00fcmber kolm korda \u00fche Marsi p\u00e4eva jooksul.<\/p>\n

Deimos on veelgi v\u00e4iksem \u2013 \u00fcks P\u00e4ikeses\u00fcsteemi v\u00e4ikseimatest kuudest. See asub Marsist kaugemal, mist\u00f5ttu kestab iga tiir \u00fcmber planeedi veidi \u00fcle \u00fche p\u00e4eva.<\/p>\n

Nende v\u00e4ike suurus t\u00e4hendab, et m\u00f5lema kuu gravitatsioon on v\u00e4ga n\u00f5rk. Phobosel seisval astronaudil oleks gravitatsioon 1000 korda n\u00f5rgem kui Maal. Suured h\u00fcpped v\u00f5ivad p\u00f5hjustada selle, et astronaut lendab kosmosesse!<\/p>\n

ESA kosmoselaeva \u201eMars Express\u201c l\u00e4hedased m\u00f6\u00f6dalennud on andnud vihjeid selle kohta, millest need planeedid koosnevad ja kust nad p\u00e4rinevad.<\/p>\n

Mars Express on praegu Punase Planeedi \u00fcmber tegutsev ainus kosmoselaev, mis liigub v\u00e4ga elliptilisel (munakujulisel) orbiidil. See trajektoor viib ta l\u00e4bi Phobose orbiidi, v\u00f5imaldades tal n\u00e4ha selle v\u00e4ikese kuu k\u00f5iki k\u00fclgi. (Nagu Maa Kuu, nii hoiab ka Phobos alati sama k\u00fclje l\u00e4hedal asuva planeedi poole.) Ajavahemikus 23. juulist kuni 15. septembrini 2008 sooritas Mars Express kaheksa l\u00e4henemist Phobosele, m\u00f6\u00f6dudes sellest vahekaugustel 4500 km kuni vaid 93 km.<\/p>\n

L\u00e4hedalt tehtud pildid n\u00e4itavad, et suurem kuu Phobos on kartulikujuline kosmosekivi, mille m\u00f5\u00f5tmed on vaid 27 km \u00d7 22 km \u00d7 19 km. See on v\u00e4ga tume \u2013 mustem kui s\u00fcsi \u2013 ja t\u00e4is kraatreid. J\u00e4lgides hoolikalt, kuidas Phobos iga m\u00f6\u00f6dalennu ajal Mars Expressi poole t\u00f5mbab, on teadlased leidnud, et see kaaslane ei ole eriti tihe. Peaaegu kindlasti on tegemist \u2018kivikuhjaga\u2019 \u2013 mis koosneb paljudest kivit\u00fckkidest, mida hoiab koos gravitatsioon \u2013, mitte \u00fcheainsa tahke objektiga.<\/p>\n

Mars Expressi uuringud viitavad sellele, et Phobos ja Deimos v\u00f5isid kunagi olla asteroidid, mis tiirlesid P\u00e4ikese \u00fcmber Marsi ja Jupiteri vahel. Siiski ei oska keegi veel selgitada, kuidas Marsi gravitatsioon neid endasse haaras ja kuidas nad sattusid \u2018tavalistele\u2019 orbiitidele Marsi ekvaatori kohal.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In 1877, the American astronomer Asaph Hall discovered two small moons circling the planet Mars. They were named Phobos (Fear) and Deimos (Panic). More than 130 years later, scientists are […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/11\/phobos_in_colour_close-up2\/17881549-2-eng-GB\/Phobos_in_colour_close-up.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Phobos in colour, close-up","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/DLR\/FU Berlin (G. Neukum)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/11\/Phobos_in_colour_close-up2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=921"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/921\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2064,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/921\/revisions\/2064"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}