{"id":831,"date":"2004-12-02T15:33:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/all_shapes_and_sizes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:46","slug":"all_shapes_and_sizes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/all_shapes_and_sizes\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00f5ik kujud ja suurused"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Kosmoselaev on seade, mis on m\u00f5eldud kosmosesse saatmiseks. Neid kasutatakse Maa vaatlemiseks, sidepidamiseks, navigeerimiseks ja kosmoseuuringuteks. On ka kosmoselaevu, mis viivad inimesi kosmosesse \u2013 neid nimetatakse \u2018mehitatud kosmoselaevadeks\u2019 \u2013, ning teisi, mis veavad kosmosjaamadele vajalikke varusid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Kuna kosmoses ei ole \u00f5hku, v\u00f5ib kosmoselaeval olla peaaegu mis tahes kuju. Suurus on suurem probleem. Kosmoselaev peab mahtuma raketi kaitsekesta sisse ja raketil peab olema piisavalt v\u00f5imsust, et see orbiidile viia. Maailma esimene satelliit, nimega Sputnik, kaalus 83,6 kg ja oli korvpallist suurem. T\u00e4nap\u00e4eval v\u00f5ivad sidesatelliidid kaaluda \u00fcle 6 tonni (6000 kg).<\/p>\n

Kosmosejaamade ehitamiseks kasutatavad moodulid on veelgi suuremad. ESA 20-tonnine ATV (Automated Transfer Vehicle) suudab viia Rahvusvahelisse Kosmosejaama kuni 9 tonni lasti ja katseid.<\/p>\n

Kosmoselaeva kuju s\u00f5ltub peamiselt sellest, kas see p\u00f6\u00f6rleb kosmoses v\u00f5i mitte.<\/p>\n

M\u00f5ned satelliidid, n\u00e4iteks Meteosat, p\u00f6\u00f6rlevad ja on trumlikujulised. Enamik t\u00e4nap\u00e4eva satelliite on kastikujulised ega p\u00f6\u00f6rle. Nende pardal olevad seadmed, n\u00e4iteks kaamerad, on enamiku ajast suunatud samasse suunda.<\/p>\n

M\u00f5nedel on suured p\u00e4ikesepaneelid (mis muudavad p\u00e4ikesevalguse elektrienergiaks), mis p\u00f6\u00f6rduvad nii, et on alati suunatud p\u00e4ikese poole. V\u00e4ikestel satelliitidel on sageli neljal k\u00fcljel lamedad p\u00e4ikesepaneelid.<\/p>\n

Maandumisseadmed on teistsugused. Need peavad taluma \u00e4\u00e4rmuslikku kuumust, kui nad suure kiirusega \u00f5hust alla langevad. N\u00e4iteks ESA sond \u201eHuygens\u201d, mis maandus Titanil, oli taldriku kujuline ja sellel oli ettepoole suunatud soojuskaitsekilp.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A spacecraft is a machine designed to be put into space. They can be used for observing the Earth, communication, navigation and space exploration. There are also spacecraft that carry […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/12\/the_atv_and_progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells2\/18248696-2-eng-GB\/The_ATV_and_Progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_Apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The ATV and Progress spacecraft use solar arrays, the Apollo spacecraft makes use of fuel cells","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/D.Ducros","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/12\/The_ATV_and_Progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_Apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=831"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1974,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831\/revisions\/1974"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}