{"id":822,"date":"2004-12-02T15:38:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/different_orbits\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:40","slug":"different_orbits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/different_orbits\/","title":{"rendered":"Erinevad orbiidid"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Orbiit on objekti liikumistee \u00fcmber teatud punkti kosmoses, n\u00e4iteks Kuu liikumistee \u00fcmber Maa. Orbiite m\u00e4\u00e4rab gravitatsioon ning need on sageli \u2018elliptilised\u2019, st ovaalse kujuga.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Iga satelliit paigutatakse oma \u00fclesande t\u00e4itmiseks parimale orbiidile. N\u00e4iteks paigutatakse Maa vaatlemise satelliidid tavaliselt madalale (400\u20131 200 km) ringikujulisele orbiidile. See v\u00f5imaldab neil tiirutada \u00fcmber Maa iga paari tunni j\u00e4rel ja saada planeedi pinnast \u00fcksikasjalikke pilte.<\/p>\n

Nende satelliitide jaoks on parimaks orbiidiks \u201cpolaarne\u201d orbiit, mis viib nad \u00fcle p\u00f5hjapooluse ja l\u00f5unapooluse. Kui Maa nende all p\u00f6\u00f6rleb, saavad satelliidid vaadata otse alla ja uurida kogu planeeti \u2013 riba haaval \u2013 m\u00f5ne p\u00e4eva jooksul.<\/p>\n

Ilma- ja sidesatelliidid \u201ch\u00f5ljuvad\u201d sageli 24 tundi \u00f6\u00f6p\u00e4evas sama Maa piirkonna kohal. See on v\u00f5imalik t\u00e4nu sellele, et need on paigutatud ringikujulistele orbiitidele umbes 36 000 km k\u00f5rgusele ekvaatori kohal. Sellel k\u00f5rgusel liiguvad nad sama kiirusega kui Maa p\u00f6\u00f6rlemine, mist\u00f5ttu vaatavad nad alati samadele kohtadele alla. Seda nimetatakse \u201cgeostatsionaarseks orbiidiks\u201d. M\u00f5ned satelliidid \u2013 sealhulgas Rahvusvaheline Kosmosejaam \u2013 liiguvad madalatel orbiitidel, mis on ekvaatori suhtes kaldu (kallutatud).<\/p>\n

Mitmed teaduslikud satelliidid, nagu ESA satelliidid \u201eCluster\u201d ja \u201eXMM-Newton\u201d, liiguvad v\u00e4ga elliptilistel (munakujulistel) orbiitidel, mis viivad nad Maale l\u00e4hedale ja seej\u00e4rel kaugele eemale.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

An orbit is the path of an object around a particular point in space, for example the path the Moon takes around the Earth. Orbits are determined by gravity, and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2001\/05\/some_popular_orbits3\/17864898-3-eng-GB\/Some_popular_orbits.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Some popular orbits","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2001\/05\/Some_popular_orbits3","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,65,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-822","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-mission-control","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=822"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1965,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822\/revisions\/1965"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=822"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=822"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}