{"id":637,"date":"2013-10-16T09:57:00","date_gmt":"2013-10-16T07:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/herschel_esa_s_supercool_heat_seeker\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:30:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:30:34","slug":"herschel_esa_s_supercool_heat_seeker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/herschel_esa_s_supercool_heat_seeker\/","title":{"rendered":"Herschel: ESA \u00fclijahe soojusotsija"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

14. mail 2009 lasti Prantsuse Guajaanas Kourous orbiidile kaks k\u00f5ige tundlikumat kosmoseteleskoopi, mis kunagi ehitatud on. Euroopa Ariane 5 raketi pardal olid Herschel, maailma v\u00f5imsaim soojust tuvastav kosmoseteleskoop, ja Planck, mis oli loodud uurimaks n\u00f5rka kiirgust, mis t\u00e4itis universumi vahetult p\u00e4rast Suurt Pauku.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

K\u00f5ik, mis puudutas ESA Herscheli kosmoseobservatooriumi, oli suur. Satelliit oli umbes 7 meetrit k\u00f5rge ja 4,3 meetrit lai ning kaalus 3,25 tonni. Selle teleskoobi peapeegel oli l\u00e4bim\u00f5\u00f5duga 3,5 meetrit, mis on suurim, mis teaduslikule kosmoses\u00f5idukile kunagi ehitatud on.<\/p>\n

Observatoorium sai nime teise teaduse suurkuju, saksa harrastusastronoomi ja muusiku William Herscheli j\u00e4rgi, kes avastas 1781. aastal planeedi Uraani. 19 aastat hiljem avastas ta ka n\u00e4htamatu valguse liigi, mida teadlased nimetavad \u201cinfrapunakiirguseks\u201d. Meie nimetame seda sageli lihtsalt \u201csoojuseks\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"Andromeda<\/figure>\n

Herscheli observatoorium saadeti spetsiaalsele orbiidile 1,5 miljoni kilomeetri kaugusele, mis on piisavalt kaugel, et v\u00e4ltida Maa soojusest tingitud probleeme, mis v\u00f5iksid vaatlusi h\u00e4irida. Selle kolme m\u00f5\u00f5teriista jahutati vedela heeliumiga, nii et nende temperatuur oli l\u00e4hedal absoluutsele nullpunktile (-273 \u00b0C).<\/p>\n

Herscheli abil uuriti \u2018k\u00fclma\u2019 universumit. Selle \u00fclik\u00fclmad \u2018silmad\u2019 suutsid n\u00e4ha l\u00e4bi tolmupilvede, et uurida t\u00e4htede tekkepiirkondi ja galaktikate keskusi, samuti avastada peidetud t\u00e4hti ja planeete. Samuti suutis see leida kaugele j\u00e4\u00e4vaid galaktikaid, et heita uut valgust nende tekkele miljardite aastate eest.<\/p>\n

Herscheli murranguline teadusmissioon l\u00f5ppes 29. aprillil 2013, kui selle heeliumjahutusaine varud otsa said. Siiski kasutati satelliiti edasi orbiidil katsetuste tegemiseks kuni 17. juunini, mil saadeti viimane k\u00e4sk selle v\u00e4ljal\u00fclitamiseks.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On 14 May 2009, two of the most sensitive space observatories ever built were launched from Kourou in French Guiana. On board Europe\u2019s Ariane 5 rocket were Herschel, the world\u2019s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/05\/herschel_under_discussion2\/17880624-2-eng-GB\/Herschel_under_discussion.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA - C. Carreau","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/05\/Herschel_under_discussion2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/637","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=637"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/637\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4600,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/637\/revisions\/4600"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=637"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=637"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}