{"id":633,"date":"2004-12-02T15:58:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/european_rockets\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:30:31","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:30:31","slug":"european_rockets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/european_rockets\/","title":{"rendered":"Euroopa raketid"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Rakette kasutatakse satelliitide ja kosmoses\u00fcstikute kosmosesse saatmiseks. Nende v\u00f5imsad mootorid v\u00f5imaldavad kosmoselaevu kosmosesse paisata uskumatul kiirusel, viies need \u00f5igele orbiidile. Euroopa t\u00e4htsaim raketiperekond on Ariane. Alates 1979. aastast on Euroopa kosmosesadamas Kourous Prantsuse Guajaanas startinud viis peamist Ariane-rakettide t\u00fc\u00fcpi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Ariane-5 p\u00f5himudel, mida nimetatakse Ariane-5 Generic, sooritas oma esimese edukas lennu 1997. aastal. Selle stardikaal oli 750 tonni. See suutis orbiidile viia kaks satelliiti, mille kogukaal \u00fcletas kuut tonni.<\/p>\n

Et konkureerida teiste riikide suurte kanderakettidega, on v\u00e4lja t\u00f6\u00f6tatud v\u00f5imsamad Ariane 5-raketid. Ariane-5 ECA suudab viia orbiidile kuni 10 tonni lasti ning tulevikus suudab see viia orbiidile veelgi suurema koormuse. Teine versioon, nimega Ariane-5 ES, viib 19-tonnised automaatsed \u00fclekandelaevad (ATV-d) madalale Maa orbiidile, kust algab nende teekond Rahvusvahelisse Kosmosejaama (ISS).<\/p>\n

Kuigi sidesatelliidid muutuvad \u00fcldiselt \u00fcha suuremaks, on endiselt vaja v\u00e4ikest kanderaketti muud t\u00fc\u00fcpi satelliitide orbiidile viimiseks. Euroopa otsustas ehitada omaenda odava tahkek\u00fctusega raketi nimega Vega. See rakett suudab viia 300\u20132000 kg kaaluvaid satelliite erinevatele orbiitidele. Vega esimene start Kouroust toimus 13. veebruaril 2012.<\/p>\n

Euroopa leppis Venemaaga kokku ka \u201eSojuz\u201c-i k\u00e4ivitamises Kouroust. Esimene \u201eSojuz\u201c-i k\u00e4ivitamine L\u00f5una-Ameerikast toimus 21. oktoobril 2011. \u201eSojuz\u201c on keskmise suurusega rakett, mida Venemaa on juba aastaid edukalt kasutanud. ESA satelliidid, nagu \u201eCluster\u201c ja \u201eMars Express\u201c, lasti varem \u201eSojuziga\u201c \u00fcles Baikonuri kosmodroomilt Kasahstanis. Samuti k\u00e4ivitatakse Baikonurist mehitatud lennud rahvusvahelisse kosmosejaama (ISS).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rockets are used to launch satellites and Space Shuttles into space. Their powerful engines allow spacecraft to be blasted into space at incredible speeds, putting them into the correct orbit. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2002\/02\/artist_s_impression_of_an_ariane_5_eca2\/17864677-3-eng-GB\/Artist_s_impression_of_an_Ariane_5_ECA.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA-D. Ducros","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2002\/02\/Artist_s_impression_of_an_Ariane_5_ECA2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=633"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1776,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633\/revisions\/1776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}