{"id":612,"date":"2013-11-28T08:18:00","date_gmt":"2013-11-28T07:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/thirty_years_of_esa_astronauts_in_space\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:30:17","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:30:17","slug":"thirty_years_of_esa_astronauts_in_space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/thirty_years_of_esa_astronauts_in_space\/","title":{"rendered":"ESA astronautide kolmk\u00fcmmend aastat kosmoses"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>T\u00e4na 30 aastat tagasi, 28. novembril 1983, saadeti kosmosesse kosmoses\u00fcstiku \u201eColumbia\u201d pardal esimene Euroopas ehitatud Spacelab. Selle missiooni raames lendas ka ESA esimene astronaut Ulf Merbold, mis t\u00e4histas ESA sisenemist inimeste kosmoselendude valdkonda.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Spacelab-1 pardal viibinud kuus astronauti t\u00f6\u00f6tasid kahes meeskonnas 12-tunnistes vahetustes, mis v\u00f5imaldas tegevust pidevalt j\u00e4tkata. Nad viisid l\u00e4bi \u00fcle 70 katse p\u00e4ikesef\u00fc\u00fcsika, kosmoseplasmaf\u00fc\u00fcsika, astronoomia, Maa seire, materjaliteaduse, tehnoloogia ja eluteaduste valdkonnas.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e4rast seda, kui Columbia oli veidi \u00fcle 10 p\u00e4eva jooksul \u00fcmber Maa tiirutanud 166 korda, maandus ta 8. detsembril tagasi Maale.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"2670\" data-credit=\"NASA\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2013\/11\/Spacelab-1_STS-9_launch_28_November_19832\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2013\/11\/spacelab-1_sts-9_launch_28_november_19832\/17890836-2-eng-GB\/Spacelab-1_STS-9_launch_28_November_1983.jpg\" alt=\"Spacelab-1\/STS-9 launch, 28 November 1983\"><figcaption>Spacelab-1\/STS-9 start, 28. november 1983<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Aastatel 1983\u20131998 lendasid Spacelabi moodulid kosmoses\u00fcstikuga 22 korda ja viibisid orbiidil kokku 244 p\u00e4eva! Katsete k\u00e4igus uuriti paljudes teadusvaldkondades kaaluta oleku v\u00f5imalusi, mis viisid kosmoset\u00f6\u00f6stuse metallide loomiseni, mida kasutatakse masstootmises valmistatavates nutitelefonides, ning avastati kosmoseteaduse valdkondi, mis pakuvad lootust krooniliste lihashaiguste ravis.<\/p>\n<p>Euroopa labor \u201eColumbus\u201c rahvusvahelisel kosmosejaamal (ISS) on arenenud v\u00e4lja Spacelabist. Spacelabi sisemuses kasutati standardiseeritud teadusraame, mis aitasid kaasa selle edule ja v\u00f5eti kasutusele k\u00f5igis kosmosejaama laborimoodulites.<\/p>\n<p>Nii nagu Spacelabi juhtisid rahvusvahelised astronautide meeskonnad, nii toimivad ka t\u00e4nap\u00e4eva Euroopa eksperimendid ja laborid kosmosjaamas. Nende t\u00f6\u00f6d ja teadustegevust tagab kosmosjaama alaline meeskond, kuhu kuuluvad n\u00fc\u00fcd ka Euroopa astronaudid.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thirty years ago today, on 28 November 1983, the first European-built Spacelab was launched into space on Space Shuttle Columbia. ESA\u2019s first astronaut Ulf Merbold flew on that mission, marking [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2013\/11\/sts-9_crew\/18246661-2-eng-GB\/STS-9_crew.jpg","esa_banner_description":"STS-9 crew","esa_banner_credit":"NASA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2013\/11\/STS-9_crew","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/612","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=612"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/612\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4581,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/612\/revisions\/4581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=612"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}