{"id":373,"date":"2018-08-13T11:39:00","date_gmt":"2018-08-13T09:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/earth_is_surprisingly_squishy\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:27:25","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:27:25","slug":"earth_is_surprisingly_squishy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/earth_is_surprisingly_squishy\/","title":{"rendered":"Maa on \u00fcllatavalt pehme!"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>20 000 aastat tagasi oli Maa j\u00e4\u00e4ajal! Suurem osa meie planeedist oli j\u00e4\u00e4ga kaetud, paljudes kohtades oli j\u00e4\u00e4kiht 3 km paksune, nagu t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval Antarktikas ja Gr\u00f6\u00f6nimaal. Teadlased on uurinud, kuidas Maa pind muutub, kui see on kaetud paksu j\u00e4\u00e4kihiga, ja mis juhtub, kui see j\u00e4\u00e4 sulab. Nad on teinud ootamatu avastuse!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Maakera k\u00f5va, kivine koor \u2013 mille alla kuulub ka pinnas, millel me k\u00f5nnime \u2013 asub 2900 km paksuse kihi peal, mida nimetatakse mantliks. See on \u00fcsna pehme ja k\u00e4itub nagu paks vedelik. Kui selle peal asuv koorik on raskem, nagu see oli minevikus, kui see oli j\u00e4\u00e4ga kaetud, surutakse mantel kokku. Viimase j\u00e4\u00e4aja jooksul vajus paksima j\u00e4\u00e4 all olev maa kuni 500 m s\u00fcgavusele!<\/p>\n<p>L\u00f5puks sulas enamik j\u00e4\u00e4st \u00e4ra ja kuna seda alla suruv koormus kadus, t\u00f5usis maap\u00f5hi j\u00e4lle \u00fcles. See t\u00f5useb siiani, isegi t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval, kuigi aeglasemalt. Seega on Maa natuke nagu su voodimadrats \u2013 kui sa selle peal lamad, surutakse madrats kokku. Aga kui sa sellelt maha h\u00fcppad, t\u00f5useb see aeglaselt j\u00e4lle \u00fcles!<\/p>\n<p><i>L\u00e4\u00e4ne-Antarktika tase t\u00f5useb. Autori\u00f5igus: Planetary Visions (allikas: ESA\/Planetary Visions)<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>Teadlaste r\u00fchm kasutas GPS-i (Global Positioning Satellite) andmeid Antarktika k\u00f5rguse m\u00f5\u00f5tmiseks. Kuna see on endiselt kaetud paksu j\u00e4\u00e4kihiga \u2013 kuigi mitte nii paksuga kui j\u00e4\u00e4ajal \u2013, v\u00f5iks eeldada, et maa t\u00f5useb vaid aeglaselt. Nad olid \u00fcllatunud, avastades, et osa sellest t\u00f5useb tegelikult kiiremini kui peaaegu k\u00f5ikjal mujal Maal! See on huvitav, sest annab uut teavet selle kohta, milline v\u00f5iks olla allpool asuv maap\u00f5hi.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"3508\" data-credit=\"ESA \/AOES Medialab\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/08\/GOCE_in_orbit\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2018\/08\/goce_in_orbit\/17888505-2-eng-GB\/GOCE_in_orbit.jpg\" alt=\"GOCE in orbit\"><figcaption>GOCE orbiidil<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Selle uuringu l\u00e4biviimiseks kasutasid teadlased andmeid ESA kosmosemissioonilt nimega Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer, l\u00fchidalt GOCE. GOCE on kaardistanud Maa \u00fcmbruse gravitatsiooniv\u00e4lja, mis on nutikas viis selgitada v\u00e4lja, mis toimub maapinna all. Kui maa all on palju tihedat materjali, on gravitatsiooniv\u00e4li veidi tugevam. Seega v\u00f5imaldavad GOCE andmed meil teada saada, kui tugev on maap\u00f5ue.<\/p>\n<p>GOCE missioon l\u00f5ppes 2013. aastal, kuid selle andmed on ilmselgelt endiselt v\u00e4ga v\u00e4\u00e4rtuslikud! Need on n\u00e4idanud, et mantel on tegelikult pehmem, kui me arvasime, v\u00e4ga vedel ja liigub kiiresti \u2013 see selgitab, miks Antarktikas t\u00e4heldati niiv\u00f5rd kiireid t\u00f5use.<\/p>\n<p>See uurimist\u00f6\u00f6 on suurep\u00e4rane v\u00f5imalus saada teada, milline on meie kodumaailma, Maa, sisemus!<\/p>\n<p><b>Huvitav fakt:<\/b> GOCE projekteeriti ilma paljude teistes kosmoses\u00f5idukites leiduva liikuva osadeta, kuna liikumine v\u00f5iks h\u00e4irida selle gravitatsioonim\u00f5\u00f5tmisi!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>20,000 years ago, Earth was in an Ice Age! Most of our planet was covered in ice, in many places 3km thick, like parts of Antarctica and Greenland today. Scientists [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2018\/08\/antarctica_in_3d\/17869709-2-eng-GB\/Antarctica_in_3D.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Antarctica in 3D","esa_banner_credit":"CPOM","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/08\/Antarctica_in_3D","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[42,10,43],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth","category-learn","category-protecting-earth"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=373"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/373\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4421,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/373\/revisions\/4421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}