{"id":311,"date":"2011-01-25T15:14:00","date_gmt":"2011-01-25T14:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/satellites\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:26:43","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:26:43","slug":"satellites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/satellites\/","title":{"rendered":"Satelliidid"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Astronoomias on satelliit objekt, mis tiirleb (liigub \u00fcmber) planeedi. Meie P\u00e4ikeses\u00fcsteemis on mitusada looduslikku satelliiti ehk kuud. Alates 1957. aastast on orbiidile saadetud ka tuhandeid kunstlikke (inimese loodud) satelliite. Neil on palju erinevaid kasutusv\u00f5imalusi, sealhulgas P\u00e4ikese, Maa ja teiste planeetide pildistamine ning kaugele kosmosesse vaatamine, et uurida musti auke, kaugele j\u00e4\u00e4vaid t\u00e4hti ja galaktikaid. Lisaks on olemas sidesatelliidid, ilmasatelliidid ja Rahvusvaheline Kosmosejaam.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Esimene kunstlik satelliit, Sputnik 1, lasti orbiidile 1957. aastal. See oli v\u00e4ga lihtne. V\u00e4ike alumiiniumkuul, umbes rannapalli suurune, nelja pika antenniga, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tas patareitoitel. Sputniku sees olid raadiosaatjad, mis edastasid iseloomulikku piip-piip-heli, mida kuulsid k\u00f5ikjal maailmas. Selle v\u00e4ikese ja lihtsa satelliidi orbiidile saatmine t\u00e4histas kosmosajastu algust.<\/p>\n

T\u00e4nap\u00e4evased satelliidid on palju keerulisemad. Enamik satelliite on projekteeritud nii, et need oleksid v\u00f5imalikult tugevad ja kerged. Neid ehitatakse sama p\u00f5himudeli j\u00e4rgi. Platvorm, mida nimetatakse bussiks, sisaldab k\u00f5iki peamisi s\u00fcsteeme, sealhulgas akusid, arvutit ja t\u00f5ukurmootoreid. Bussile on kinnitatud antennid, p\u00e4ikesepaneelid ja kasuliku koorma seadmed (nagu kaamerad, teleskoobid ja sidevarustus).<\/p>\n

Satelliidid peavad end ise energiaga varustama. Selleks kasutatakse tavaliselt suuri p\u00e4ikesepaneele (tiibu), mis on kaetud valguskundlike p\u00e4ikesepatareidega. Paneelid on mitu meetrit pikad ja need tuleb stardi ajal kokku voltida. P\u00e4ikesepatareid annavad mitu kilovatti v\u00f5imsust, kuigi nende t\u00f5husus v\u00e4heneb vananedes. Enamik paneele on p\u00f6\u00f6ratavad, et need koguksid v\u00f5imalikult palju p\u00e4ikesevalgust. Kui satelliit satub varju, saab see energiat laetavatest akudest.<\/p>\n

Satelliidi P\u00e4ikesele p\u00f6\u00f6ratud k\u00fclg kuumeneb v\u00e4ga kuumaks, samas kui varjus olev k\u00fclg muutub v\u00e4ga k\u00fclmaks. See on probleem, sest enamik satelliidi seadmetest on tundlik \u00e4\u00e4rmusliku kuumuse v\u00f5i k\u00fclma suhtes. Seadmete kaitsmiseks kasutatakse muu hulgas alumiiniumfooliumile sarnanevaid kihilisi katteid, mis hoiavad soojust sees, ning radiaatoreid, mis juhivad elektriseadmetest soojust v\u00e4lja.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In astronomy, a satellite is an object that orbits (goes around) a planet. There are several hundred natural satellites, or moons, in our Solar System. Thousands of artificial (human-made) satellites […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2002\/02\/esa_s_artemis_satellite2\/17863937-3-eng-GB\/ESA_s_Artemis_satellite.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/J.Huart","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2002\/02\/ESA_s_Artemis_satellite2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,54,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-space-technologies-on-earth","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=311"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1454,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311\/revisions\/1454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=311"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=311"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}