{"id":188,"date":"2021-12-02T12:48:07","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T11:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/xmm-newton_esa_s_multi-mirror_x-ray_detector2\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:25:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:25:16","slug":"xmm-newton_esa_s_multi-mirror_x-ray_detector2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/xmm-newton_esa_s_multi-mirror_x-ray_detector2\/","title":{"rendered":"XMM-Newton: ESA mitme peegliga r\u00f6ntgendetektor"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

ESA r\u00f6ntgenobservatoorium XMM-Newton on suurim Euroopas kunagi ehitatud kosmoseobservatoorium. Stardil kaalub kosmoselaev 3,8 tonni, on 10 meetrit pikk ja kahe p\u00e4ikesepaneeli vaheline laius on 16 meetrit. Selle \u00f5hukesed, kullaga kaetud peeglid koguvad k\u00f5rge energiaga r\u00f6ntgenkiirgust universumi k\u00f5ikidest osadest ning selle tundlikud kaamerad suudavad n\u00e4ha palju rohkem kui \u00fckski varasem r\u00f6ntgenkiirguse satelliit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

XMM-Newton lasti 10. detsembril 1999. aastal orbiidile Euroopa Ariane 5 raketiga. See viidi ebatavalisele 48-tunnisele Maa \u00fcmber tiirlevale orbiidile, mille k\u00f5rgus k\u00f5ikus vahemikus 7 000 km kuni 114 000 km. Missioon oli algselt tuntud nime all XMM, mis tulenes selle r\u00f6ntgenkiirguse mitmepeeglisest konstruktsioonist. Hiljem muudeti nimi XMM-Newtoniks, auks kuulsale Briti teadlasele Sir Isaac Newtonile.<\/p>\n

\"Supermassive<\/figure>\n

Kuigi XMM-Newtoni esialgne missioon pidi kestma kaks aastat, on see endiselt heas t\u00f6\u00f6korras. See m\u00e4rkimisv\u00e4\u00e4rne observatoorium on uurinud igasuguseid objekte, alates meie P\u00e4ikeses\u00fcsteemi komeetidest ja planeetidest kuni supermassiivsete mustade aukudeni ja plahvatavate t\u00e4htedeni universumi kaugemates nurkades. 14 tegevusaasta jooksul on see avastanud \u00fcle poole miljoni r\u00f6ntgenkiirguse allika, mis on kaks korda rohkem kui varem teada oli.<\/p>\n

Need avastused on saanud v\u00f5imalikuks t\u00e4nu observatooriumi uuenduslikule konstruktsioonile. Kuna r\u00f6ntgenkiired l\u00e4bivad tavalised peeglid otse, koosneb iga XMM-i kolmest t\u00fcnnikujulisest teleskoobist 58 kumerpeeglist, mis on \u00fcksteise \u00fcmber paigutatud. Saabuvad r\u00f6ntgenkiired p\u00f5rkuvad nende peeglite pinnalt tagasi, nii et need fokuseeritakse l\u00f5puks kahele t\u00fc\u00fcpi seadmele, mis on varustatud CCD-detektoritega (nagu need, mida leidub digitaalkaamerates). Optiline kaamera v\u00f5imaldab astronoomidel oma sihtm\u00e4rke t\u00e4pselt kindlaks m\u00e4\u00e4rata.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ESA’s XMM-Newton X-ray observatory is the biggest space observatory ever built in Europe. Weighing 3.8 tonnes at launch, the spacecraft is 10 metres long and measures 16 metres across its […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2010\/03\/xmm-newton2\/17903196-2-eng-GB\/XMM-Newton.jpg","esa_banner_description":"XMM-Newton","esa_banner_credit":"ESA (Image by C. Carreau)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2010\/03\/XMM-Newton2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=188"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4348,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188\/revisions\/4348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}