{"id":184,"date":"2021-12-02T12:49:39","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T11:49:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cosmic_distances2\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:25:13","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:25:13","slug":"cosmic_distances2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/cosmic_distances2\/","title":{"rendered":"Kosmilised kaugused"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Kosmos on tohutu. See on nii l\u00f5pmatu, et on v\u00e4ga raske ette kujutada seal valitsevaid vahemaid, isegi meie l\u00e4hi\u00fcmbruses, P\u00e4ikeses\u00fcsteemis asuvate objektide vahel. Kui astronoomid kasutaksid nende vahemaade kirjeldamiseks kilomeetreid, peaksid nad kasutama v\u00e4ga suuri arve. Seet\u00f5ttu kasutatakse asjade lihtsustamiseks ning arvude v\u00e4iksemaks ja kergemini k\u00e4sitletavaks muutmiseks teisi m\u00f5\u00f5t\u00fchikuid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Astronoomiline \u00fchik<\/h2>\n

Maa ja P\u00e4ikese vaheline kaugus on umbes 150 miljonit kilomeetrit. See on suur arv, mist\u00f5ttu kasutavad astronoomid selle kauguse kirjeldamiseks astronoomilist \u00fchikut. \u00dcks astronoomiline \u00fchik ehk \u2018au\u2019 on Maa ja P\u00e4ikese vaheline kaugus. Seda kasutatakse P\u00e4ikeses\u00fcsteemi teiste taevakehade, nagu P\u00e4ikese, planeetide, komeetide ja asteroide vaheliste kauguste v\u00f5rdlemiseks.<\/p>\n

Valgusaasta<\/h2>\n

Aga mis on olukord v\u00e4ljaspool meie P\u00e4ikeses\u00fcsteemi? Kui kaugel asub j\u00e4rgmine l\u00e4him t\u00e4ht, Proxima Centauri? Proxima Centauri asub umbes 38 000 000 000 000 km (kolmk\u00fcmmend kaheksa miljonit miljonit kilomeetrit) kaugusel. See on nii kaugel, et kui kosmoselaev selle t\u00e4he poole teele asuks, v\u00f5iks sinna j\u00f5udmine v\u00f5tta umbes 75 000 aastat.<\/p>\n

Astronoomilise \u00fchiku kasutamine t\u00e4htede (ja meie P\u00e4ikeses\u00fcsteemist v\u00e4ljaspool asuvate objektide) kauguste kirjeldamiseks ei aita tegelikult astronoomidel t\u00f6\u00f6tada v\u00e4ikeste arvudega. Promixa Centauri asub umbes 265 000 au kaugusel. Vaja on teist \u00fchikut! Seega v\u00f5ib kauguse m\u00f5\u00f5tmiseks (v\u00e4hemalt meile l\u00e4himate t\u00e4htede puhul) kasutada valgusaastaid.<\/p>\n

Valgus on kiireim asi, mida me teame. Kosmoses v\u00f5ib valgus liikuda kiirusega ligi 300 000 km\/s. Valgusaasta on vahemaa, mille valgus l\u00e4bib \u00fche aasta jooksul \u2013 see on 9 461 000 000 000 kilomeetrit! Selle vahemaa l\u00e4bimiseks P\u00e4ikeses\u00fcsteemile l\u00e4hima t\u00e4heni kulub valgusel umbes 4,2 aastat, seet\u00f5ttu \u00fctlevad astronoomid, et Proxima Centauri asub 4,2 valgusaasta kaugusel.<\/p>\n

See on vaid l\u00e4him t\u00e4ht. \u00d6\u00f6taevas on t\u00e4is t\u00e4hti meie galaktikas, Linnutees. Linnuteele l\u00e4him suur galaktika asub tohutul kaugusel \u2013 kaks ja pool miljonit valgusaastat. Ja see on vaid l\u00e4him! Paljud galaktikad, mis on samuti t\u00e4htedest tulvil, asuvad tuhandeid kordi kaugemal. Kosmos on tohutu!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Space is huge. It is so immense that is very difficult to imagine the distances involved, even between the objects in our local neighbourhood, the Solar System. If astronomers used […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/01\/andromeda_our_nearest_large_galactic_neighbour2\/17880143-2-eng-GB\/Andromeda_our_nearest_large_galactic_neighbour.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"infrared: ESA\/Herschel\/PACS\/SPIRE\/J.\u00a0Fritz, U.\u00a0Gent; X-ray: ESA\/XMM-Newton\/EPIC\/W. Pietsch, MPE; optical: R. Gendler","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/01\/Andromeda_our_nearest_large_galactic_neighbour2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,19],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-story-of-the-universe"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=184"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1327,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184\/revisions\/1327"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=184"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=184"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=184"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=184"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=184"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=184"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=184"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=184"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=184"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}