{"id":182,"date":"2021-12-02T12:50:43","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T11:50:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/planets_and_moons_exoplanets\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:25:12","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:25:12","slug":"planets_and_moons_exoplanets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/planets_and_moons_exoplanets\/","title":{"rendered":"Eksoplaneedid"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/kids\/en\/learn\/Our_Universe\/Planets_and_moons\/The_Solar_System_and_its_planets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">P\u00e4ikeses\u00fcsteem<\/a> sisaldab kaheksat planeeti, mis tiirlevad meie kohaliku t\u00e4he \u00fcmber, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/kids\/en\/learn\/Our_Universe\/The_Sun\/Our_nearest_star\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">P\u00e4ike<\/a>. Aga kas teadsite, et kosmoses on veel palju-palju rohkem planeete, mis tiirlevad \u00fcmber <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/kids\/en\/learn\/Our_Universe\/Stars_and_galaxies\/Stars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">t\u00e4hed<\/a> mida me \u00f6\u00f6sel n\u00e4eme? Neid nimetatakse p\u00e4ikeses\u00fcsteemiv\u00e4listeks planeetideks ehk l\u00fchidalt eksoplaneetideks.<\/p>\n<p>Eksoplaneetide avastamine on \u00e4\u00e4rmiselt keeruline. Need asuvad nii kaugel, et me ei saa neid lihtsalt tavalise teleskoobiga vaadata ja n\u00e4ha. Samuti on need v\u00e4ga v\u00e4ikesed ja n\u00f5rgalt s\u00e4ravad v\u00f5rreldes t\u00e4htedega, mille \u00fcmber nad tiirlevad. See t\u00e4hendab, et eksoplaneete otsivad astronoomid peavad kasutama m\u00f5ningaid nutikaid meetodeid!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Esimene meetod, mida astronoomid eksoplaneetide leidmiseks kasutasid, kannab nime \u201eradiaalkiirus\u201d, kuid sellel on ka lihtsam h\u00fc\u00fcdnimi: t\u00e4he k\u00f5ikumine! Kui planeet tiirleb t\u00e4he \u00fcmber, siis planeedi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/kids\/en\/learn\/Our_Universe\/Story_of_the_Universe\/Gravity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">raskusj\u00f5ud<\/a> t\u00f5mbab t\u00e4he poole, mist\u00f5ttu tundub meie vaatepunktist, nagu k\u00f5iguks t\u00e4ht kosmoses. Efekt on v\u00e4ike, kuid v\u00e4ga tundlike m\u00f5\u00f5teriistade abil on v\u00f5imalik avastada m\u00f5ningaid eksoplaneete, mis p\u00f5hjustavad oma t\u00e4htede k\u00f5ikumist!<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e4nap\u00e4eval on transiidimeetod levinum avastamismeetod. Kui eksoplaneet liigub oma t\u00e4he eest l\u00e4bi, v\u00f5ib see varjutada pisut t\u00e4he valgust. Seda nimetatakse transiidiks. Maalt vaadates tundub t\u00e4ht transiidi ajal veidi tuhmim ja muutub j\u00e4lle heledamaks, kui planeet enam valgust ei varja. See on m\u00e4rk sellest, et seal v\u00f5ib olla eksoplaneet! Transiite on keeruline avastada, kuna valguse tugevuse muutus on nii v\u00e4ike, kuid spetsiaalsed planeete otsivad teleskoobid, nagu n\u00e4iteks ESA <a href=\"https:\/\/sci.esa.int\/web\/corot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CoRoT<\/a> on olnud v\u00e4ga edukad! ESA 2019. aasta <a href=\"https:\/\/sci.esa.int\/web\/cheops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CHEOPS<\/a> Ka see missioon kasutab transiidimeetodit.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"2500\" data-credit=\"ESA\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2019\/02\/Transiting_exoplanet\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2019\/02\/transiting_exoplanet\/19220628-1-eng-GB\/Transiting_exoplanet.jpg\" alt=\"Transiting exoplanet\"><figcaption>Transiitne eksoplaneet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Astromeetria on veel \u00fcks meetod, mida hakkab kasutama ESA\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/sci.esa.int\/web\/gaia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gaia<\/a> missioon. \u00d6\u00f6sel n\u00e4eme, kuidas t\u00e4hed liiguvad taevas kindlate trajektooride m\u00f6\u00f6da, ning suudame nende asukohti ennustada \u00e4\u00e4rmiselt t\u00e4pselt paljude aastate v\u00e4ltel. Kui t\u00e4hel on planeet, erineb selle liikumine oodatust veidi \u2013 k\u00fcll vaid pisut, kuid piisavalt, et Gaia seda m\u00e4rkaks!<\/p>\n<p>Need on peamised meetodid t\u00e4htedev\u00e4liste planeetide avastamiseks, kuigi on ka teisi. M\u00f5nikord on isegi v\u00f5imalik kasutada professionaalseid observatooriume fotode tegemiseks \u2013 kuigi need pildid tunduvad v\u00e4ga lihtsakoelised v\u00f5rreldes piltidega, mida saame teha meie enda P\u00e4ikeses\u00fcsteemi l\u00e4hedal asuvatest planeetidest.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"4042\" data-credit=\"ESA \u2013 SJM Photography\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2019\/10\/Children_imagine_exoplanets\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2019\/10\/children_imagine_exoplanets\/20819272-1-eng-GB\/Children_imagine_exoplanets.jpg\" alt=\"Children imagine exoplanets\"><figcaption>Lapsed kujutlevad endale eksoplaneete<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>K\u00f5igi nende meetodite abil on seni avastatud tuhandeid t\u00e4htedev\u00e4liseid planeete ja me leiame neid pidevalt juurde. Kas m\u00f5nel neist v\u00f5iks olla elu? V\u00f5ib-olla isegi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/kids\/en\/learn\/Life_in_Space\/Are_we_alone\/Are_we_alone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">arukad olendid<\/a> Kas meile meeldib? Mis sa arvad?<\/p>\n<p>Praegu on kindlasti v\u00e4ga p\u00f5nev aeg, kui sind huvitavad eksoplaneedid!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Solar System contains eight planets orbiting our local star, the Sun. But did you know that there are many, many more planets out there in space, orbiting the stars [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2019\/09\/hubble_finds_water_vapor_on_habitable-zone_exoplanet_for_the_first_time\/19700242-1-eng-GB\/Hubble_Finds_Water_Vapor_on_Habitable-Zone_Exoplanet_for_the_First_Time.jpg","esa_banner_description":"We do not yet have the technology to take detailed photos of exoplanets, but an artist created this picture of what one may look like. Copyright: ESA\/Hubble, M. Kornmesser","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/Hubble, M. Kornmesser","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2019\/09\/Hubble_finds_water_vapor_on_habitable-zone_exoplanet_for_the_first_time","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=182"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4346,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182\/revisions\/4346"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=182"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=182"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=182"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=182"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=182"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=182"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=182"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}