{"id":1092,"date":"2009-04-06T09:32:00","date_gmt":"2009-04-06T07:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/esa_s_space_observatories_to_explore_the_early_universe\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:35:56","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:35:56","slug":"esa_s_space_observatories_to_explore_the_early_universe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/esa_s_space_observatories_to_explore_the_early_universe\/","title":{"rendered":"ESA kosmoseobservatooriumid uurivad varajast universumit"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Astronoomid kogu maailmas ootavad p\u00f5nevusega Ariane 5 raketi starti, mis viib orbiidile kaks murrangulist ESA satelliiti, mis on nimetatud kuulsate Euroopa teadlaste j\u00e4rgi: Planck ja Herschel. Nagu 21. sajandi ajamasinad, vaatavad need tipptasemel kosmoseobservatooriumid minevikku, aidates teadlastel lahendada saladusi selle kohta, kuidas s\u00fcndisid t\u00e4hed, galaktikad ja universum ise.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Herschel saab olema suurim teleskoop, mis kunagi kosmosesse on saadetud. Selle s\u00fcdameks on 3,5 m lai peapeegel \u2013 mis on palju suurem, kuid kergem kui Hubble\u2019i kosmoseteleskoobi peegel. 3,4-tonnine observatoorium on nimetatud saksa-briti astronoomi William Herscheli auks, kes kirjutas ajalugu, avastades 1800. aastal n\u00e4htamatu infrapunakiirguse (mida me tunneme soojusena). Kaasaegse Herscheli kolm seadet uurivad v\u00e4hemalt kolm aastat k\u00fclmi tolmupilvi, kus s\u00fcnnivad t\u00e4hed, ning kaugele j\u00e4\u00e4vaid galaktikaid, mis s\u00e4ravad tugevalt infrapunases valguses.<\/p>\n

\"Planck
Plancki teleskoop<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Herscheli k\u00f5rval hakkab tiirlema satelliit, mis on loodud selleks, et heita pilk ajastu algusesse. Saksa f\u00fc\u00fcsiku Max Plancki auks nimetatud 1 900 kg kaaluv kosmoselaev uurib n\u00f5rkuid kajasid, mis on j\u00e4\u00e4nud alles p\u00e4rast universumi s\u00fcndi Suures Paugus. Need kajad ilmnevad m\u00f5ne miljondiku kraadi suuruste temperatuurik\u00f5ikumistena. Selle n\u00e4htamatu mikrolainekiirguse avastamiseks ja kaardistamiseks tuleb Plancki kaks detektorit jahutada temperatuurini -273 kraadi Celsiuse j\u00e4rgi. Umbes 15 kuu jooksul kogub observatooriumi 1,5-meetrine peegel \u00e4\u00e4rmiselt n\u00f5rka kiirgust, mis alustas oma teekonda Maa poole umbes 14 miljardit aastat tagasi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Astronomers around the world are eagerly awaiting the launch of an Ariane 5 rocket carrying two groundbreaking ESA satellites named after famous European scientists: Planck and Herschel. Like 21st century […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2009\/03\/artist_concept_of_the_herschel_spacecraft2\/17878959-2-eng-GB\/Artist_concept_of_the_Herschel_spacecraft.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Artist concept of the Herschel spacecraft","esa_banner_credit":"ESA \u2013 D. Ducros, 2009","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2009\/03\/Artist_concept_of_the_Herschel_spacecraft2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,21],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1092","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-stars-and-galaxies"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1092","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1092"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1092\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4849,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1092\/revisions\/4849"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1092"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1092"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1092"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1092"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1092"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1092"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1092"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1092"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1092"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1092"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}