{"id":841,"date":"2004-12-02T15:46:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/expendable_or_reusable\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:53","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:53","slug":"expendable_or_reusable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/expendable_or_reusable\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfDesechable o reutilizable?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Cada vez que el Ariane 5 europeo despega desde Kourou, sus etapas caen al oc\u00e9ano o se desintegran en la atm\u00f3sfera. Se dice que los lanzadores como el Ariane 5 son \u2018desechables\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Desechar un cohete tras cada lanzamiento parece un desperdicio sumamente costoso. Sin embargo, los costes se reducen fabricando cohetes en serie. En efecto, estos cohetes se construyen en l\u00edneas de ensamblaje al igual que los autom\u00f3viles costosos.<\/p>\n<p>Los cohetes desechables tambi\u00e9n pueden llegar a ser muy fiables. Por ejemplo, si uno de ellos falla durante su lanzamiento, es relativamente f\u00e1cil determinar d\u00f3nde estuvo el fallo y corregirlo.<\/p>\n<p>La alternativa es construir un veh\u00edculo reutilizable. Hasta ahora, el \u00fanico en uso ha sido el transbordador espacial estadounidense.<\/p>\n<p>La mayor\u00eda de las piezas del transbordador espacial est\u00e1n dise\u00f1adas para realizar hasta 100 vuelos. Los propulsores de cohete de combustible s\u00f3lido del transbordador tambi\u00e9n podr\u00edan reutilizarse si fuera necesario. Solo el dep\u00f3sito de combustible externo se desecha en cada vuelo.<\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, los gastos de construcci\u00f3n y vuelo del transbordador son muy elevados. Esto se debe, mayormente, a que est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para llevar hasta siete tripulantes a bordo. Adem\u00e1s, debe soportar el calor extremo del reingreso en la atm\u00f3sfera y posarse en una pista de aterrizaje. No se ha decidido construir otros lanzadores reutilizables, pero se siguen estudiando dichos veh\u00edculos.<\/p>\n<p>La ESA estudiar\u00e1 detenidamente ambos enfoques para que, con el tiempo, se pueda decidir c\u00f3mo sustituir al Ariane 5.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Every time Europe\u2019s Ariane 5 lifts off from Kourou, its rocket stages fall into the ocean or burn up in the atmosphere. Launchers such as Ariane 5 are said to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2000\/08\/atmospheric_re-entry_demonstrator_-_artist_s_impression2\/17866009-3-eng-GB\/Atmospheric_Re-entry_Demonstrator_-_artist_s_impression.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Atmospheric Re-entry Demonstrator - artist's impression","esa_banner_credit":"ESA - D.Ducros","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2000\/08\/Atmospheric_Re-entry_Demonstrator_-_artist_s_impression2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/841","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=841"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/841\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1984,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/841\/revisions\/1984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=841"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=841"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}