{"id":840,"date":"2004-12-02T15:23:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/liftoff_from_south_america\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:52","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:52","slug":"liftoff_from_south_america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/liftoff_from_south_america\/","title":{"rendered":"Despegue desde Sudam\u00e9rica"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>En los \u00faltimos 30 a\u00f1os, todos los cohetes europeos se han lanzado desde Kourou en Sudam\u00e9rica. \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 Europa escogi\u00f3 un puerto espacial al otro lado del mundo?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>La b\u00fasqueda de un nuevo sitio se inici\u00f3 en los a\u00f1os sesenta cuando Francia tuvo que renunciar a su base de lanzamiento en el desierto argelino.<\/p>\n<p>La Agencia Espacial Francesa seleccion\u00f3 eventualmente un lugar en la costa al borde de la selva en la Guayana Francesa. El nuevo emplazamiento se situ\u00f3 cerca de un pueblo pesquero llamado Kourou, no muy lejos de la antigua prisi\u00f3n de la Isla del Diablo.<\/p>\n<p>Kourou se encontraba a miles de kil\u00f3metros de Europa, y hab\u00eda que construirlo todo desde cero. Sin embargo, presentaba varias ventajas clave:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>los lanzamientos se llevar\u00edan a cabo lejos de las grandes zonas urbanizadas<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>los cohetes podr\u00edan lanzarse con total seguridad sobre mar abierto hacia el este y el norte<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Las etapas de cohetes usadas caer\u00edan sin causar da\u00f1os en el oc\u00e9ano<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Los sat\u00e9lites podr\u00edan enviarse f\u00e1cilmente tanto a \u00f3rbitas polares como ecuatoriales.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>El puerto espacial europeo tambi\u00e9n se encuentra muy cerca del ecuador. Se beneficia del efecto \u00abhonda\u00bb provocado por la r\u00e1pida rotaci\u00f3n de la Tierra en el ecuador. Esto proporciona un impulso gratuito de 1 650 km\/h hacia el este a cualquier cohete lanzado en las inmediaciones. Esto reduce la cantidad de combustible que necesitan transportar y les permite poner en \u00f3rbita sat\u00e9lites m\u00e1s pesados.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For the last 30 years, all of Europe\u2019s rockets have been launched from Kourou in South America. Why did Europe choose a spaceport on the other side of the world? 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